078 DOUGLASS, S. L. 1987. "Coastal Response to Navigation Structures at 

 Murrells Inlet, South Carolina," Technical Report CERC-87-2, US Army Engineer 

 Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg. 

 MS, 244 pp. 



Coastal response to navigation structures at Murrells Inlet, S.C., is 

 documented herein. Data, which result from a postconstruction monitoring 

 program, consist of beach, inlet, and jetty surveys, aerial photography, 

 visual wave observations, wave buoy results, hindcast wave results, and site 

 inspection trips. These data were collected during the period 1978-1982, 

 approximately 5 years after jetty construction began. 



Beach change and wave data collected indicate that net longshore sand 

 transport at the inlet has not been strongly to the south as previously 

 assumed. the variability of longshore sand transport rate in time and space 

 appears to be very important to coastal response to the jetties. Longshore 

 transport rates are calculated from visual wave observations for 1979-1982. 

 The direction of net transport was northward at all four wave data locations 

 in 1979 and was toward the inlet from both sides during 1980-1982. The only 

 wave data south of the inlet was close enough to be strongly affected by the 

 jetties; therefore, a local reversal in net transport direction could have 

 occurred south of the inlet during 1980-1982. Analysis of hindcast wave data 

 for 1956-1975 indicates that the major southerly growth of the tip of Garden 

 City in the early 1960 's may have been in response to an unusually strong 

 period of southerly sand transport. 



Possible modifications to the navigation project are suggested for 

 further consideration and analysis. Improvements in the Murrells Inlet 

 monitoring data collection program are recommended in light of the conclusions 

 reached in this report. 



079 DREYFOOS, W. W. , PRAUSE, W. K. , and DAVIDSON, M. A. 1989. "Local 

 Responses to Sea-Level Rise: Charleston, South Carolina," Proceedings of 

 Coastal Zone '89 . Vol II, pp 1395. 



The authors summarize the local government response to sea- level rise 

 from a planning point of view. Pertinent factors such as infrastructures, 

 land use, and residential and commercial development are considered for future 

 planning needs. (Gorman). 



080 DUBOIS, R. N. 1975. "Support and Refinement of the Bruun Rule on Beach 

 Erosion," Journal of Geology . Vol 83, pp 651-657. 



If a beach and nearshore profile is at equilibrium, as sea-level rises, 

 the Bruun Rule on beach erosion indicates the foreshore profile can be ele- 

 vated in direct proportion to rising sea- level. This study supports the 

 concept that rising sea-level can cause beach erosion. At Terry Andrae State 

 Park, Wisconsin, which borders Lake Michigan, a field study conducted from 

 spring to fall of 1971 shows that when wave energy was reasonably constant the 

 beach eroded by about 23 ft as lake water level rose by 1 ft. Of the 23 ft 

 about 6 ft was lost solely due to the drowning effect of rising water level. 

 Also, for given wave energy level, the foreshore zone increases in elevation 

 in direct proportion to the increase in the elevation of the water level and 



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