099 FAIRBRIDGE, R. W. 1981. "Holocene Sea-Level Oscillations," Striae . 

 Vol 14, pp 131-141. 



A brief history of the Holocene eustatic sea-level concept recognizes 

 the important role of the Florins in helping to furnish the first 

 chronological basis for global correlations. The mechanisms of tropical 

 limestone erosion and biological deposition bring precise height indications 

 of sea-level oscillations in non-glacial regions. The mechanisms of beach 

 formation and preservation, together with their distribution in high-latitude 

 glacio-isostatic uplift regions, disclose evidence of multiple energy pulses 

 that are superimposed upon eustatic, isostatic and geodial trends. An 

 hypothesis is suggested, that postulates global climatic patterns which appear 

 to have geomagnetic and extra-terrestrial controls. (Authors). 



100 FAIRBRIDGE, R. W. and KREBS, 0. A.. JR. 1962. "Sea-Level and the 

 Southern Oscillation," Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society . 

 Vol 6, No. 4, pp 532-545. 



An average curve for the world annual mean sea- level for the century 

 1860-1960 has been obtained from a carefully selected world series of tide 

 gage records. We have eliminated data from tectonically unstable areas and 

 other obviously anomalous records. Five-year running means provide us with a 

 residual curve that may approach a eustatic standard (probably 

 glacioeustatic) . The lowest point of sea-level was about 1890; the mean rise 

 from 1900-1950 was 1 . 2 mm annually, but the fastest decade was 1946-1956 with 

 5.5 mm. The pattern varies somewhat if plotted ocean by ocean. 



The non- smoothed, annual curve shows a 2-3 year cyclicity of 10-30 mm 

 amplitude. For the world curve this periodicity resembles the 2-3 year 

 atmospheric pressure cycle known as the "Southern Oscillation", being in phase 

 with the S.E. Pacific node. The reciprocal, Indian Ocean node is well 

 reflected in the Indian Ocean, and periodically, dominates over the Pacific 

 pattern in the Atlantic Ocean. 



When the effect of a pressure anomaly of 1 mb is taken as equivalent to 

 10 mm departure of sea-level, it is found that is still a large residual 

 generally in the same phase. It would seem that steric effects and associated 

 wind systems are mainly responsible. (Summary). 



101 FAIRBRIDGE, R. W. , and NEWMAN, W. S. 1968. "Postglacial Crustal 

 Subsidence of the New York Area," Zeitchrift fuer Geomorphologie . Neue Folge 

 12, No. 3, pp 296-317. 



This report is an outcome of investigations concerning recent shore- line 

 changes and the late -Quaternary geology of the north shore of Long Island and 

 the adjacent waters of Long Island Sound (Figure 1). There is little reason 

 to doubt that this is a shore- line of submergence. But is it possible to 

 distinguish whether submergence has resulted from crustal subsidence or from 



