036 BRUUN, P. 1988. "The Bruun Rule of Erosion by Sea-Level Rise: A 

 Discussion on Large-Scale Two- and Three -Dimensional Usages," Journal of 

 Coastal Research . Vol 4, No. 4, pp 627-648. 



This article reviews all basic assumptions for proper use of the Bruun- 

 Rule of erosion by sea-level rise. It disproves misuses and discusses 

 expansions of the rule's applicability in large-scale two and three 

 dimensions. (Author). 



037 BRUUN, P., and SCHWARTZ, M. L. 1985. "Analytical Predictions of Beach 

 Profiles Change in Response to a Sea-Level Rise," Zeitschrift fuer Geo- 

 morphologie . Neue Folge, 57, pp 33-50. 



Recent studies predict a sea-level rise of the order of 0.5 to 3.5 m by 

 the year 2100. Beach profile translation and coastal erosion will, in most 

 cases, accompany the rising level of the sea. Calculations for estimating 

 potential erosion on a sandy shore are described. (Authors). 



038 BRYAN, K. , and SPELMAN, M. J. 1985. "The Ocean's Response to a 

 CO2- Induced Warming," Journal of Geophysical Research . Vol 90, No. C6 , 

 pp 679-688. 



The climate response to a large increase in atmospheric COj was investi- 

 gated in a numerical experiment with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The 

 study is focused on one aspect of the experiment, the predicted response of 

 the ocean to the warming episode. A fourfold increase in atmospheric CO2 

 causes a warming sufficiently intense to produce a partial collapse of the 

 thermohaline circulation of the ocean. Surprisingly, the wind-driven 

 circulation of the ocean is maintained without appreciable change. The global 

 hydrological cycle intensifies without a major shift of the pattern of net 

 precipitation over the model ocean. In the warming episode the downward path- 

 ways for heat, which include diffusion and Ekman pumping, remain open. The 

 partial collapse of the thermohaline circulation closes the normal upward 

 pathways associated with abyssal upwelling and high- latitude convection. As a 

 result the thermocline is able to sequester almost twice as much heat than 

 would be predicted from the behavior of a neutrally buoyant tracer introduced 

 at the surface under normal climatic conditions. An enhanced sequestering of 

 heat would produce a negative feedback for greenhouse warming. However, the 

 partial collapse of the thermohaline circulation found in the numerical exper- 

 iment would also affect the global carbon cycle, possibly producing a climatic 

 feedback as strong as that caused by an enhanced uptake of heat from the 

 atmosphere. (Authors). 



039 BRYANT, E. 1983. "Regional Sea-Level, Southern Oscillation, and Beach 

 Change; New South Wales, Australia," Nature, London, Vol 305, No. 5931, 

 pp 213-216. 



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