INTRODUCTION 



1. The purpose of this bibliography is to summarize articles that 

 pertain to the engineering implications of sea-level change for the Corps of 

 Engineer Districts that manage bodies of water under the influence of sea- 

 level changes. Articles cited in this report include references to global, 

 regional, and local sea-level changes with emphasis on quantitative data 

 analysis. In addition, other pertinent topics such as historic (100-year 

 scale) sea-level trends based on regional and local tide gage measurements, 

 physical impacts and coastal geomorphic response to sea-level change for a 

 particular locale, and climatic models of global warming rates are cited. 



2. The Corps' interest in sea-level stems from its design and mainte- 

 nance responsibility for coastal projects. Changes in sea level will not only 

 affect the design life of future projects, but also the operational and 

 maintenance procedures that include hurricane protection, beach-erosion 

 control, and navigational projects. Development of information on long-term 

 water-level fluctuations is an important consideration for navigation in 



US waterways as well as the effect on daily exchange of water between inland 

 waterways and the open coast. Quantitative assessment of water-level fluctua- 

 tions will provide better engineering solutions to increased future sea-level 

 rise. 



3. References are listed alphabetically by senior author surname. When 

 possible, author abstracts or summaries were reproduced, and when an article 

 or publication provided no abstract or summary, a brief annotation was 

 written. A cross-referenced keyword index and a subject index are provided at 

 the end of this report. The subject index includes the major influences on 

 sea-level that are discussed in the following section of this report. These 

 include climatic effects, global effects, structural/subsidence, national 

 effects that include North American shores, local effects within the east, 

 west and gulf US coasts, lake levels, engineering implications or quantitative 

 analysis, and future planning. 



