124 GUTENBERG. B. 1933. "Tilting Due to Glacial Melting," Journal of Geol- 

 ogy . Vol 41, No. 5, pp 449-467. 



To investigate tilting and changes interval in the United States and 

 Canada, results from the records of the tide gages of different stations were 

 analyzed. In the Great Lakes region all results indicate a tilting of the 

 land upward in a northerly direction, by about 10 cm per 100 km per century. 

 Along the Pacific coast a small rising of the land is indicated at the north, 

 whereas; California the changes in height seem to be negative, but small and 

 irregular. Along the Atlantic coast of Canada the changes are small and 

 within the limits of error nearly everywhere, but south of Portland (ME) sink- 

 ing prevails clearly. It is very probable that the tilt in the great Lakes 

 region is due to forces which tend to restore isostatic equilibrium, distrib- 

 uted by the melting of ice after the Ice Age. (Author). 



125 GUTENBERG, B. 1941. "Changes in Sea-Level, Postglacial Uplift, and 

 Mobility of the Earth's Interior," Geological Society of America . 

 Bulletin 52, pp 721-772. 



Record of tide gages indicate that sea- level generally is rising at an 

 average rate of about 10 cm per century. The uplift in Fennoscandia and North 

 America is investigated, and maps showing the rate of uplift are given. A 

 discussion of the new material and historic evidence leave no doubt that the 

 uplift is a consequence of isostatic readjustment of the equilibrium disturbed 

 by the postglacial melting of the ice. The remaining uplift is about 200 ms 

 in Fennoscandia and possibly more in North America, where the present rate of 

 uplift has its maximum of about 2 ms per century in the region of Hudson Bay. 

 Originally, the time needed to reduce the defect in mass to one half under the 

 regions of uplift was less than 10,000 years, but it has been increasing with 

 time and now exceeds 20,000 years. 



Theoretical investigations on the plastic flow in the interior of the 

 earth connected with the uplift are critically discussed and extended. The 

 movements affect the whole interior of the earth below the regions of uplift; 

 their amplitudes decrease slowly in the upper 1000 km. If one assumes a 

 strong lithosphere with a thickness of about 70 km and below the asthenosphere 

 with a viscosity of the order of 10~ poises, but little or no strength to 

 prohibit plastic flow, there is no disagreement with observations related to 

 isostasy or deep-focus earthquakes. Tectonic processes connected with 

 isostatic anomalies larger than those in the regions of postglacial uplift 

 must be connected with plastic flow at least down to the core. The importance 

 of the effects of small forces acting during long periods is pointed out. 

 (Author) . 



126 HACKNEY, C. T., and CLEARY, W. J. 1987. "Saltmarsh Loss in 

 Southeastern North Carolina Lagoons: Importance of Sea-Level Tide and Inlet 

 Dredging," Journal of Coastal Research . Vol 3, No. 1, pp 93-97. 



Salt Marshes can maintain themselves during periods of relative sea- 

 level (RSL) rise through accumulation of autochthonous plant biomass and by 



59 



