variability, quantitative understanding at selected locations, and 

 quantitative understanding for selected parameters. 



This paper presents for the United States: the most recent yearly mean 

 sea- level data available (in graphic form), a summary of classifications, and 

 apparent secular trend calculations for the 31-year series, 1940 to 1970 at 

 all stations. It is essentially an updating of the previous Shore and Beach 

 paper by Hicks (1968). (Author). 



145 HICKS, S. D. 1972b. "Vertical Crustal Movements From Sea-Level 

 Measurements Along the East Coast of the United States," Journal of 

 Geophysical Research . Vol 77, No. 30, pp 5930-5934. 



The rate of coastal subsidence relative to southern Maine is found to 

 increase linearly a total of 0.214 cm/year from southern Maine to Hampton 

 Roads, Virginia. The absolute rate of subsidence closely approximates the 

 relative rate. Since sea- level at Portland, Maine is rising at a rate close 

 to the estimated value for the rate of the glacial-eustatic rise. A marked 

 discontinuity occurs in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras , south of which there 

 appears to be no significant vertical land movement. The results are based on 

 23 yearly mean sea- level series, each from 1939 through 1970. (Author). 



146 HICKS, S. D. 1978. "An Average Geopotential Sea-Level Series For the 

 United States," Journal of Geophysical Research . American Geophysical Union, 

 Vol 83, No. C3, pp 1377-1379. 



For climate monitoring purposes an average sea- level series for the 

 United States, from which a representative curve and a single-value rate were 

 derived, is presented. In addition, the use of dynamic height is introduced 

 in order to take into account the greatly differing latitudes of the tide 

 stations used in the study. The series was obtained by averaging common 

 length uninterrupted sea- level elevations reduced from the tide gage measure- 

 ments of each station. The averaging was by coastal area. The curve, with 

 amplitudes of the averaged meteorological and oceanographic oscillations of 

 periods of less than 5-1/3 year attenuated more than 90%, shows the relative 

 apparent secular trend and its changes for the United States as a whole. 

 During the 36 -year period, 1940-1975, sea- level rose along the coast of the 

 United States at the average rate of 1.5 dynamic mm/year. (Authors). 



147 HICKS, S. D., DEBAUCH, H. A.. JR.. and HICKMAN, L. E. , JR. 1983. Sea- 

 Level Variations for the United States. 1855-1980 . National Oceanic and 

 Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD, pp 170. 



An introduction to the study of sea- level and its applications are pre- 

 sented. Trends, their standard errors, and annual variabilities are computed 

 for 44 US stations that are permanent, continuous, and were in operation 

 before 1940. The computations are for the entire length of series at each 

 station and for the common series length, 1940 through 1980. Trends, their 



69 



