this paper predict changes in relative sea- level that can be compared directly 

 with the observations. (Authors). 



280 QUINLAN, G., and BEAUMONT, C. 1982. "The Deglaciation of Atlantic 

 Canada as Reconstructed From the Postglacial Relative Sea-Level Record," 

 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences . Vol 19, No. 12, pp 2232-2246. 



The post-Wisconsinan relative sea-level record from Atlantic Canada is 

 used to reconstruct the morphology of late Wisconsinan age ice cover during 

 its retreat from the Atlantic region. The proposed reconstruction has little 

 or no grounded ice in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, an ice dome over the 

 north shore of the St. Lawrence, and thin ice, often less than 1 km thick, 

 over much of the rest of the area. A sensitivity analysis shows that the pro- 

 posed reconstruction is not unique in its ability to account for the relative 

 sea- level record but that the thickness of ice in any individual area of the 

 reconstruction is unlikely to be in error by more than a factor of two. The 

 exact position of the ice margin in some areas is not well constrained by the 

 model; an example is in southeastern Newfoundland. 



The numerical model used to relate ice morpholoby to postglacial rela- 

 tive sea-level assumes that the ice sheets are isostatically equilibrated at 

 the glacial maximum and, therefore, that load changes associated with earlier 

 ice-sheet growth may be ignored. This assumption is shown to be reasonable. 

 The same rapid relaxation of the Earth that allows one to ignore the effects 

 of glacial accumulation, however, prohibits one from recognizing the effects 

 of large-scale ablation that may have occurred prior to the assumed glacial 

 maximum. For this reason the proposed reconstruction may be representative of 

 only a late stage in the ablation of much more extensive and thicker ice 

 sheets . 



Surfaces of relative sea- level are presented for Atlantic Canada at 

 various times in the past. These surfaces coincide with observational data 

 where such data exist and are felt to provide reasonable estimates of relative 

 sea-level at all other locations for at least the last 13,000 years. 

 (Authors) . 



281 RAMAN, C. R. V., and MALIEKAL, J. A. 1985. "A Northern Oscillation 

 Relating Northern Hemispheric Pressure Anomalies and the Indian Summer 

 Monsoon," Nature, Vol 314, pp 430-432. 



Analysis of the causes of the Indian monsoon have concentrated on 

 climatological phenomena in the southern hemisphere such as El Nino and the 

 Southern Oscillation. By contrast, we have examined meteorological records 

 for the northern hemisphere (0° -180°) spanning much of this century. We find 

 that zonally- integrated mean sea- level pressure anomalies across Eurasia dur- 

 ing January to April exhibit a statistically significant negative correlation 

 between values for higher and subtropical latitudes. We further find that 

 there is an association between above-normal activity of the Indian monsoon 

 and a steep poleward-directed pressure anomaly gradient, which tends to per- 

 sist through the summer and may indicate a strong zonal flow in the circum- 

 polar westerlies. On the other hand, when this pressure anomaly gradient 



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