In papers submitted by oceanographers to the Liverpool meeting four main 

 factors affecting MSL were emphasized; wind and atmospheric pressure, sea 

 water density, the nodal tide and secular variations. The present 

 investigation has been concerned in detail with all these factors except the 

 effect of sea water density. (Introduction). 



302 RUDDIMAN, W. F., and MCINTYRE, A. 1981. "Oceanic Mechanisms for 

 Amplification of the 23,000 Year Ice-Volume Cycle," Science . Vol 212, 

 No. 4495, pp 617-627. 



Situated adjacent to the largest Northern Hemisphere ice sheets of the 

 ice ages, the mid- latitude North Atlantic Ocean has an important role in the 

 earth's climate history. It provides a significant local source of moisture 

 for the atmosphere and adjacent continents, forms a corridor that guides 

 moisture-bearing storms northward from low latitudes, and at times makes 

 direct contact along its shorelines with continental ice masses. Evidence of 

 major ice -ocean- air interactions involving the North Atlantic during the last 

 250,000 years is summarized. Outflow of icebergs and meltwater initially 

 driven by summer insolation over the ice sheets affects mid- latitude ocean 

 temperatures, summer heat storage, winter sea- ice extent, and global sea- 

 level. These oceanic responses in turn influence the winter moisture flux 

 back to the ice sheets, as well as ablation of land ice by calving. Spectral 

 data indicate that the oceanic moisture and sea- level feedbacks, in part con- 

 trolled by glacial melt products, amplify Milankovitch (insolation) forcing of 

 the volumentrically dominant mid- latitude ice sheets at the 23,000-year 

 precessional cycle. (Authors). 



303 RUFFMAN, A., MILLER, A. A. L. , and SCOTT, D. B. 1985. "Holocene Rise 

 of Relative Sea-Level at Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: Correction and 

 Note," Geology . Vol 13, pp 661-663. 



The map provided in Scott et al. (1984) showing the three 1981 boreholes 

 on Sable Island is incorrectly drawn. The borehole locations are shown cor- 

 rectly on the published map relative to the various geographical features of 

 the island, but they are shown incorrectly with respect to the geographical 

 grid. If the geographical coordinates of the three boreholes are determined 

 and digitized from the map provided in the paper and then plotted on the most 

 current bathymetric map, all three boreholes plot well out in the ocean to the 

 south of the island. Sable Island has a reputation for minor shifts in its 

 shoreline at the spits, but it has not shifted to such a degree in the past 

 few years as to put any of the original, onshore borehole locations into the 

 offshore area at the present time. (Authors). 



304 RUSSELL, R. J. 1957. "Instability of Sea-Level," American Scientist . 



Vol 45. pp 414-430. 



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