portion of the route, and of being of a 

 The To-sa- witches, or "White Kniv< 

 and, according to Dr. Hurt, have the < 

 them ranging in small parties between 

 our more northern route. The Ute tri 

 Pah-Utes, Cheveriches, Pah-vants, San 

 The Utahs proper inhabit the w 

 Mountains, the Grand River and its 

 Country. They also claim the co 

 south as the Sevier Lake as theirs. 



Mountains, their hunting this game i 

 enncs brings them in continual confl 

 familiar acquaintance with them, that .t 



ously called Walker. Some of the weaker bands both of the Snakes and Ttahs arc 

 almost continually in a state of starvation, and are compelled to resort almost exclu- 

 sively to small animals, roots, grass, seed, and insects for subsistence. The General 

 Government has opened forms for these Indians in the valleys of the Spanish Fork and 

 San Pete. 



The Pah-vants occupy the Corn Creek, Paravan and Beaver Valleys, and the 

 valley of the Sevier. On Corn Creek they have a farm under the supervision of the 

 General Government. It was a portion of this tribe that massacred Captain Gunnison 

 and a portion of his party. Their chief is Kan-nash. 



The Pi-eeds live adjoining the Pah-vants down to the Santa Clara, and are rep- 

 resented as the most timid and dejected of all the Utah bands. They barter their 

 children to the Utes proper for a few trinkets or bits of clothing, by whom they are 

 again sold to the Navajos for blankets, &e, They indulge in a rude kind of agricul- 

 ture, which they probably derived from the old Spanish Jesuits. Their productions 

 are com, beans, and squashes. The Mountain Meadow massacre is ascribed by the 

 Mormons to them, but, as Dr. Hurt justly remarks, "any one at all acquainted with 

 them must perceive at once how utterly absurd and impossible it is for such a report to 

 be true". Indeed the report of Mr. I. Forney, the superintendent of Indians in Utah, of 

 September 29, 1859, fixes the stigma of this horrible outrage on the Mormons. 8 Their 

 chiefs are Quanarrah and Tatsigobbets. 



The Goshoots Dr. Hurt classes, as I have remarked, among the Sho-sho-nees : 

 but, acc ording to Mr. George W. Bean, my guide in the fall of 1858, and who has 



(r) This chief, according to the newspapers, has recently died. 



(s)The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, A. B. Greenwood, in his report of November 26, 18o9, to Secretary of the 

 Interior, says, in relation to this matter : , 



"Many of the numerous depredations upon the immigrants have donlr mem in conse- 



quence of their destitute and desperate condition. They have, at times, been compelled either to steal or starve ; hut 

 there is reason to apprehend that in their forays they have often been only the tools of lawless whites residing in the 



