teach tin 

 could or 



for food. The stature of those Indians, hoth male and female, is under size. After 

 dark a number Came in; but it is a rule with us not to permit them to remain all night 

 iri camp, and they were told that though they could not remain with us, they could 

 come in the morning. Their joyous conversation shows that they believe they have 

 got among good friends. 



May 12, Camp No. 10, Spring Volley.— Altitude above the sea 6,133 feet Ther- 

 mometer at 4} o'clock this morning, 22 \ Had quite a cold night; tires still desirable 

 in the morning; water in the valley frozen over. Ever since We left damp Floyd 

 snow has covered the high mountains. The grass in the valley is yet but a few inches 

 long. On the sides of the mountain, however, where it is to be found, it is suuiYientlv 

 long for grazing. This valley, doubtless on account of its altitude, is a cold one. 



V In consequence of some of our mules straying away, which, however, were i'ouud 

 we did not get off till 2.0 minutes after G. Our Go-shoot friends were in camp again 

 just before starting, and were a little impudent, so much so as to cause me to give some 

 significant evidences of displeasure. Our course lay west of north for about 3 miles, 

 when we turned up a ravine south of west, along a rapid mountain-stream (Spring 

 Creek), which we followed for 3.5 miles, when we left it, and continuing up a branch 

 ravine, in 2 miles, by a good wagon-road grade, attained the summit of the Un-go-we- 

 ah range (7,530 feet above the sea), whence could be seen lying immediately to the 

 west of us Steptoe Valley. Descending the west slope of the mountain, which is some- 

 what steep, about 2 miles more, along a pure, mountain-gushing stream, which I call 

 after Lieutenant Marmadnke, of the Seventh Infantry, brought us to the mail-station 

 on the east side of Steptoe Valley, in the vicinity of which we encamped after a jour- 

 ney of 11.1 miles among good grass, water, and fuel. 



The road crossed the stream, which I call Spring Creek, on the east slope of the 

 range, several times. These crossings, which are short, boggy pitches, the mail com- 

 pany has not properly fixed, and the consequence was we were detained two hours by 

 the breaking up of a tongue. This stream is 4 feet wide and 1 foot deep, and there is 

 an abundance of grass in the ravine all along, from about 1.5 miles above its entrance 

 into Spring Valley. It therefore furnishes a better camping place than Spring Val- 

 lev. (looseberrv bushes grow along the creek, and cedars abound on the side-hill, 

 and cedars, pines, and what the Mormons call mountain mahogany in the pass. This 

 tree (the Cercocarpus lectifolius) grows generally at the summit of the passes. It is 

 somewhat scrubby in appearance, ramifying in several branches from the ground, and 

 in form resembles the apple-tree. Its greatest height is about 20 feet, and the aggre- 

 gate breadth of its branches 20 feet. Its wood is very hard, and is used for cogs, jour- 

 nals, gudgeons, &c. A minute description- of it by Dr. Engelmann will be found in Ap- 

 pendix M. 



In this ravine we met a couple of men belonging to the mail-station where we 

 8bu 



