REPORT AND JOURNAL. 135 



miles, and skirting the Wahsatch Mountains on your left, in 3 miles it passes through 

 American Fork settlement (Lake City on the maps); in 3.2") miles more Battle Creek 

 (Pleasant Grove on the map); and in 6.25 miles, reaches the mouth of Timpauogns 

 River Canon, which it crosses by a good ford. Whole distance from ( 'amp Floyd 2!».2."> 

 miles. 



"The road to this point, except occasionally where irrigating ditches cross it, is 

 excellent, the "only hills being those 9 miles out from Camp Floyd. The soil of Cedar 

 Valley, as also that of Utah Valley, which is generally of a yellowish color, is of an 

 areno-argillaceous character, superposed on sand, and the consequence is that, although 

 containing all the elements of fertility, the rains are not of themselves copious and con- 

 stant enough to keep it sufficiently moist to sustain vegetation. Where the land, there- 

 fore, cannot be irrigated, which is the case in Cedar Valley, except in two or three 

 localities of small area, the soil, for agricultural purposes, is utterly worthless. Along 

 the road, however, in Utah Valley, in the neighborhood of the towns named, there are 

 extensive fields, which, on account of the irrigation they receive, are quite productive. 

 The irrigation is made possible by the availability of the mountain streams, Dry Fork, 

 American Fork, and Battle Creek; the waters of which are distributed in acequias or 

 ditches, from which the fertilizing element is carried over the soil in numerous rills. 

 The first two streams are tributary to Lake Utah, and Battle ( 'reek loses itself in the 

 soil before reaching the lake. It is something notable that a large number of the fields 

 have been abandoned from the soil becoming saline by use; and it is quite possible 

 that from this cause a large portion of it will, in time, be rendered worthless. Indeed, 

 while the country in the Territory, as a whole, presents a very insignificant fraction 

 of cultivable soil, that which can be cultivated experience shows is likely to become 

 barren from use. 



"The great staple is wheat, of which Mr. Bullock assures me as many as seventy- 

 five bushels have been raised to the acre. This, however, is rare; forty bushels are 

 more common, and generally not more than twenty. Oats and barley do well. Corn 

 does not mature sufficiently, on account of the early frosts of autumn, and therefore 

 but little is planted. Potatoes and garden vegetables generally grow quite luxuriantly. 

 Fruits like the melon, peach, and apricot mature tolerably well, and the apple also 

 grows here, but as yet I have seen none to assure me that they at all equal those which 

 can be raised in the States. It is also to be borne in mind, in the cultivation of the 

 cereals, vegetables, and fruits, that frequent irrigation is neeosarv: and to this, ot 

 course, is superadded all the other labor of tillage, which makes the aggregate of work 

 necessary to make the soil produce to any advantage, excessive. I be fields are gen- 

 erally inclosed by mud walls, which not unfrequently give evidences of dilapidation. 



-The ordinary tract of land owned and cultivated by a single hand is twenty acres 

 though larger tracts are owned and cultivated by those who can afford to buy more 

 and command the necessary labor. There is grass along the route except on the 

 Jordan, and no wood. The fuel which is used by the inhabitants of the towns named 

 is brought from the cations in the mountains at a very great expense. Forage and 

 fuel, however, are purchasable by the Government. 



"Lehi City is a walled town, containing probably 100 houses and 1,000 inhabit- 



