ТНЕ FLORA OF SINGAPORE, 29 
good portion of the coast line where mud is deposited are edged 
with a thick mangrove jungle composed of Rhizophoracee ( Rhi- 
zophora, Bruguiera, 'eriops) Carapa, Lumnitzera, Avicennia 
and Heritiera on the branches of which grow abundance of small 
orchids, ferns, Lycopodium, Psilotum, Hepaloarat Pachycentria, 
Medinillopsis and other epiphytes, while in the mud on suitable 
spots grow such herbaceous plants as Acanthus, Cryptocoryne 
ciliata, Tristellateia, Octhocharis and some Cyperaceve and grasses, 
Inland just behind the mangroves the ground is often sandy 
and covered with woods of comparatively small trees, Mugenia, 
Podocarpus, Gelonium, Arytera, Afzelia, etc., with chumps : the 
Nibung palm eire ma tigilliaria), and on these and on th 
ground g many orchids, Cirrhopetalun, Bulbophyllum, C 'oelo- 
gne, 24900000018, Platyclinis, and Eria. 
h jong Ru to Changi is also very 
sandy, and here is a very distinct flora much resembling that 
which borders the Pahang river near its mouth. It is rich in 
grasses and sedges, Xyris, Cyanotis, and other herbaceous plants, 
with bushes of Rhodomyrtus, Vaeciniun, Leucopogon, Capparis, 
been put under coconut cultivation, and the greater part of the 
flora С" disappeared, except at Changi point where it still 
rema 
is very large portion of the island has been cleared and 
саен: and often abandoned, there are very large tracts 
covered either with Lalang (Imperata cylindrica) or fern either 
Gleichenia Linearis or bracken, Pteris aquilina or in swampy spots 
with тын to d exclusion of almost everything else. In 
many places however secondary growth has sprung up (Belu- 
kar). Tuis. ое гак small trees or shrubs of Macaranga javanica 
and M. hypoleuca, Rhodamnia trinervia, Adinandra dumosa, Vitex 
pubescens, Melastoma dis pah Archytea Vahli, Arthrophyllum 
diver с and a few others. 
aste ground near villages and in cultivated spots area 
um us езе eeds, many of which аге well known аз very wide- 
i distributed plants, and most of which have probably been 
introduced accidentally or intentionally at no very gre i 
tance of time. ese weeds include most of the Composite, 
Grasses, Lahiate and potat all the L mbellifara and Solana- 
