188 MESSES. BEDDAED AND TEEVES ON THE 



The Spleen. (Plate XXXIII. and Plate XXXVI. fig. 1.) 

 The spleen was flat and thin. It was entirely invested by peritoneum, and was 

 connected to the greater curvature of the stomach by the gastro-splenic omentum, that 

 measured on an average 6 inches in width. When placed upon a flat surface it 

 presented an oblong outline, the left extremity of the body being, however, narrower 

 and more pointed than the right. Thus at the right extremity the transverse diameter 

 measured 11 inches, and at the left 9 inches. The entire length of the spleen was 

 26 inches ; its long axis corresponded to that of the greater curvature of the stomach, 

 and it was only in relation with the inferior of the two cardiac cul-de-sacs. Its upper 

 extremity was hidden by the costal cartilages, while its lower end reached to the middle 

 line (woodcut, p. 185). In its upper two thirds it was obliquely directed from above 

 downwards, forwards, and to the right ; in its lower third its long axis had almost a 

 horizontal direction. It was folded upon itself in a remarkable manner. The folding 

 took place along the centre of the viscus, and corresponded to the long axis of the gland ; 

 it was of such a character that the lateral margins of the spleen were approximated, and 

 a transverse section made of the viscus as it lay in situ would have presented the appear- 

 ance of a partly opened book, the long axis of the gland corresponding to the " back " 

 of the book. The folding was towards the right — that is to say, towards the gastric 

 aspect of the spleen. There was no distinct hilum, but the attachment of the layers 

 of the gastro-splenic omentum was noteworthy. When the spleen was opened up or 

 unfolded and placed upon its outer or parietal surface, it presented the appearance of a 

 flat oblong body, as has been already observed. The two layers of the gastro-splenic 

 omentum were not attached along the median line of the viscus, but were attached to 

 the gastric surface of the spleen in two lines that were parallel with the lateral 

 margins of the gland, and that were actually nearer to those margins than to the 

 median line itself. The arrangement of these two layers is depicted in PL XXXVI. 

 fig. 1. It thus happened that when the spleen was unfolded the anterior and posterior 

 layers of the gastro-splenic omentum were separated at their splenic lines of attachment 

 by a wide interval ; but when the spleen was folded in the manner described, the two 

 layers came in contact, and the omentum presented the appearance of a simple and com- 

 paratively thin connecting membrane. This folding of the spleen and arrangement of 

 the omentum must have afforded facilities for a very ready and considerable enlarge- 

 ment of the viscus. Such enlargement would also have been favoured by the marked 

 elasticity of the capsule and by its somewhat loose connection with the splenic pulp. 



The Liver. (Plate XXXV.) 

 The divisions of the liver were well marked, the least pronounced fissure being that 

 separating the right central from the right lateral lobe. The largest lobe was the left 

 lateral (L. L.). It, in common with all the other lobes, was convex upon its diaphrag- 

 matic surface. It was also equally convex upon its abdominal aspect. Its measurements 



