LAND REGIONS. 195 



and a GeotrochUvS. Pliysa, Amphipeplea, Paludina, Melania, 

 Cyi'ena and a Solenaia live in its waters : Amphipeplea being a 

 characteristic genus. In Queensland, the Helices belong to the 

 sections Panda, Trochoniorpha, Pedinogyra, Hadra, Galaxias, 

 Geotrochus, etc. New South Wales has a fauna less tropical 

 than that of Queensland ; Pupina diminishes in importance, and 

 Helicina disappears. Three species of Athoracophorus occur, 

 a slug essentially Australian ; also several Unios. The Helices 

 are largel}' represented and mostly of the same sections occur- 

 ring in the other provinces. In Victoria and South Australia the 

 Helices are mostly of the section Hadra. Paryphanta, a New 

 Zealand genus, is represented by P. atramentaria. Tasmania 

 has 115 species, 79 terrestrial and 36 fluviatile. Onl}' ten of the 

 terrestrial species are common to the Australian continent, and 

 Pupa, Pupina, Helicina and Tornatellina, genera found in the 

 south of Australia, are here absent. As in Australia, the fresh- 

 water gastropods are numerous ; among them is a species of 

 the American genus Gundlachia. 



18. AUSTRO-POLYNESIAN REGION. 



Includes the New Hebrides, New Caledonian and Yiti Archi- 

 pelagos, with a very remarkable fauna. Geotrochus disappears 

 and Bulimi of the group Placostylus become predominant. The 

 slug Athoracophorus, the heliciform carnivores Rhytida and 

 Diplomphalus, a few species of Partula, etc., occur. 



About 60 species are credited to the New Hebrides, and nearly 

 400 to New Caledonia and the Loyalty Isles, including 46 

 Placostylus, 27 Melampus, (an extraordinary development of 

 AuriculadfE, for besides Melampus, there are) 7 Cassidula, 2 

 Plecotrema, a Pedipes,Marinula and Blauneria, 10 Scarabus and 

 5 Auricula, 4 Planorbis, 14 Physa, 7 Cyclophorus, 11 Hydro- 

 cena, 7 Truncatella, 14 Helicina, 27 Melanopsis, 15 Melania, 47 

 Neritina, 11 Navicella. The only bivalve is a C^yrena. 



The Yiti or Fiji Islands furnish over 125 species, mostly of 

 the same generic tj^pes as in New Caledonia, but the species of 

 the terrestrial mollusks are all different. The genus Omphalo- 

 tropis, however, is present, with 10 species ; whilst Melanopsis, 

 having 27 species in New Caledonia is here entirelj^ unrepre- 

 sented. There are 14 Placostylus, one of the sections of which, 

 Charis, containing P. fulguratus and malleatus, is arboreal, 

 living in the palms, bananas and Pandanus. 



19. Polynesian Region. 



Fischer has formed two principal groups of the islands of the 

 Pacific, which he calls : 1, The Sandwich or Achatinella group ; 

 2, The Partula group — comprehending all the other islands. The 

 latter, however, he subdivides into the occidental islands, situated 



