TURBINID^. 305 



etc., as well as for buttons, earrings, buckles, etc. The light- 

 greenish iridescent pla}^ of color of this shell is more ornamental 

 than that of the ordinary' white mother-of-pearl. Fine large 

 shells of this species formed the drinking goblets of the Scandi- 

 navian monarchs, and are often still met with, very elegantly 

 mounted and set with jewels. The Turk's cap {T. sarmaticus) 

 is less extensively used for similar purposes. — Simmonds, Gom- 

 mei^cial Products of the Sea, 293. 



SARMATicus, Gray. (Cidaris, Swains.) Shell nodulous. Differs 

 from Turbo principally in having a black layer between the outer 

 opaque and inner pearly layers of the shell ; it forms a dark zone 

 between the edges of the two coats just within the aperture, and 

 is frequently exposed on the upper part of the columella by 

 absorption of the outer layer. Australia, New Zealand. 



SENECTUS, Humph. Shell solid, with revolving, squamose or 

 spinose ridges covering the whorls ; axis usually narrowly per- 

 forated ; aperture usually slightly produced in front, with some- 

 times a short channel. 25 sp. Indian and Pacific 0., West 

 Indies. T. onargaritaceus, Reeve (Ixxix, 11). 



OCANA, Adams. Shell turbinate, solid, smooth; axis imper- 

 forate ; spire short, conical ; aperture subcircular, wider than 

 long; inner lip flattened, excavated, scarcely produced anteriorly, 

 with an extended thin callus. Operculum with a convex, gran- 

 ular spiral rib, axis deeply perforated, outer edge simple. T. 

 cidaris, Gmelin (Ixxx, 19). Cape of Good Hope. 



MARMOROSTOM A, Swains. (Lunella,Bolt.) Shell thick, smooth 

 or tuberculate ; aperture produced in front ; columellar callus 

 covering the axis, which is umbilicated, however; the umbilicus 

 often at the upper end of a curved channel in the callus. Oper- 

 culum spiral, with central nucleus, and an indistinct, subcentral, 

 external rib. 5 sp. Ind. and Pacific Oceans. T. coronatus, 

 Gmel. (Ixxx, 20, 21). 



MODELIA, Gray. Shell rather thin, granular. Operculum gran- 

 ulous externally, with a semicircular ridge on the edge. Aus- 

 tralia, N. Zealand. T. 7'ubicundus, Reeve (Ixxx, 27). 



AMYXA, Troschel. (Prisogaster, Morch.) Shell solid, turbi- 

 nated witli elevated spire ; whorls with revolving riblets ; aperture 

 rounded ; inner lip sillonated ; outer lip black-bordered and sub- 

 crenulated within. Operculum as in Modelia. The animal of 

 this subgenus, figured by d'Orbigny, appears to be furnished with 

 a single, elongated, posterior filament, numerous shorter, anterior, 

 tentacular filaments on the lateral membrane of the foot, and two 

 conspicuous cirri on the sides of the opercular lobe. 2 sp. 

 West Coast of tropical America. T. niger, Gray (Ixxx, 28). 



CALLOPOMA, Gray. Shell turbinated-elevated, not umbilicated ; 

 whorls angulated or nodulous ; aperture rounded, produced in 

 front ; inner lip wide, sillonated. Operculum with a spiral central 



