3"4;6 APPENDIX. 



6. Pleurae uncinate. 

 Uncinus with an additional internal cusp (Buccinidse). 

 Uncinus simple, rhachis armed. 

 Cusps, large, few (Muricidge, Olividse, Harpidse). 

 Cusps small, numerous (Turritidse). 

 Uncinus foliated, rhachis unarmed (Columbellid^).: 

 Suborder 2. Anactodonta [Tsenioglossa, Troschel]. Cusps 

 recurved from the fore-part of the plates ( Yolutidse, Nati- 

 cidaj, Tritonidae, Ranellidse, Doliid£e, Cassididse, Strom- 

 bidse). 

 Order 2. Rostrifera. 

 Suborder 1. Orthodonta (Heteropoda and Phoridte). 

 Suborder 2. Anaclodonta [Taenioglossa, Troschel]. 



A. Marine or littoral ( Cyprseidae, Yermetidae, Calyptra- 



eidffi, Planaxidae, Littorinidse, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, 

 Truncatellidae). 



B. Aquatic (Melaniidae, Paludinidse, Yalvatidae). 



C. Terrestrial (Cj'clophoridae, Cyclostomid^, Diplom- 



matinidae). 



Herman v. Jhering's classification of the mollusca, published 

 in the " Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesell- 

 schaft," ill, 18'76, and " Yergleichende Anatomic des Nerven- 

 systemes und Phylogenie der Mollusken," 1877, has not met 

 with general acceptance ; the only novelty in most of his groups 

 being the new names. In the few real changes made he is 

 singularly' unhappy, the characters being in disaccord with 

 others generally recognized as of much greater importance. 

 Dr. Paul Fischer thus concludes a careful review of von 

 Jhering's works : " He has endeavored to introduce into the 

 classification certain characters afforded by the nervous system. 

 He is premature in this, for what we know of the nervous sys- 

 tepi is absolutely insufficient. For the rest, his classification is 

 •only a combination of characters derived from the branchiae 

 and dentition. It is worth neither more nor less than those of 

 Morch, Gray, Gill, Adams, etc., and I do not find in it a trace of 

 real progress; only the names of the fundamental divisions have 

 been changed. Is this the last word of the new anatomical 

 school ?" — Fischer, " Sur la nouvelle classification desMollusques 

 de M. von Jhering," Journal de Zoologie, vi, Paris, 1877. 



The late Dr. Troschel (Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1876) 

 speaks quite as plainly as to the demerits of this classification, 

 vand takes the opportunity to disclaim any intention, by his own 

 studies of the dentition of the mollusca, to advocate the exclu- 

 sive use of the characters afforded by the lingual organ in 

 classification. This veteran conchological anatomist modestly 



