Transactions of the Prussian Gardening Society. 63 



only cut away those parts on which no leaves have been 

 produced. 



41. On grafting under the Bark. By Mr. Benade, Pastor and 

 Rector of Hoyerswerda. 



After many years' experience, Mr. Benade holds that 

 grafting under the bark, whether for old trees or young, weak 

 or strong scions, is the easiest, the most generally applicable, 

 the surest of success, and the healthiest mode of grafting. He 

 knows only one objection to it, which is, that the operation 

 cannot be conveniently performed but while the sap is in 

 motion, and when the bark will readily separate from the 

 wood. As this is the case in trees only for a short period, it 

 might prove inconvenient in extensive nurseries, where all the 

 grafting was performed by one or two hands ; but, in other 

 cases, we can assert from our own observation, that slipping 

 down the scion between the bark and the wood is the most 

 certain mode of attaining success in this operation. What is 

 meant by the healthiest mode of grafting, will perhaps be 

 understood when we state [that the Germans have a term 

 applicable to the object of grafting, for which we have no 

 corresponding expression in the English language ; this is 

 Veredelung, literally, ennobling : by which it appears that they 

 consider the operation of grafting, the term for which is 

 Pfropfen (to graft), not so much as a mode of propagating 

 trees, as of ameliorating or ennobling their fruits. This seems 

 to be the original idea of the use of grafting, the performance 

 of the operation being supposed to ameliorate to a certain 

 extent, independently altogether of the qualities of the stock 

 or scion. Every reader knows that grafting in the present 

 day is chiefly considered as a mode of propagating or perpe- 

 tuating plants, though partly also of improving or modifying 

 edible fruits. 



42. Opinion of the Committee on the foregoing Treatise. 



The Committee allow all the advantages mentioned by Mi% 

 Benade, but that of its being " the most generally applicable." 

 The single period in which it is applicable, they say, is when 

 the sap is rising in spring, a period which, in the climate of 

 Berlin, seldom lasts longer than the two last weeks of April, 

 and the two first of May. In all other respects, this mode of 

 grafting is as good as Mr. Benade says it is. The Committee 

 recommend the practice of all the different modes of en- 

 nobling ; viz., inarching (copuliren), in February, March, and 

 April; grafting under the bark (propfen liinter die rmde), 



