192 Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society. 



It was mentioned to us by Mr. Wood of Deepdene, a gar- 

 dener of more than common talent, taste, and industry, that a 

 considerable saving of fuel was obtained by this mode of heat- 

 ing. We could not at the time conceive how there could be 

 much difference in this respect ; but, on since looking over 

 some papers in the Mechanic's Magazine, Nos. 211, 212, and 

 213., by Mr. Gilman, civil engineer, we are inclined to think 

 this may be accounted for, at least as compared with heating 

 by steam, from the circumstance of more heat being frequently 

 generated to boil water, than the water in that state can take 

 up. In heating by hot water, the water seldom exceeds 150°, 

 and at that temperature it would appear to have a greater 

 capacity for taking up heat, than either in a cold or boiling 

 state. 



Since the above was written, we have seen two houses in 

 Mr. Henderson's nursery, Edgeware Road, heated in the 

 Elcot manner, and have learned that several of the hot-houses 

 at Woodlands, Blackheath, the Clapton nursery, and other 

 places, are fitting up for the same method of heating. — Cond. 



Art. II. Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society. 

 Vol. IV. Parti. 



(Continued from p. 62.) 



4*. On the economical Arrangement of Fruit Trees in a small Garden. 

 By Mr. John Dick, Gardener, Ballendean. 



Plant and train in the espalier manner ; the rows of espa- 

 liers north and south, at the distance of eight feet, and the 

 height of the espalier rails five feet. Plant trees upon crab 

 stocks, at twenty feet distance, on one side of the rails, for per- 

 manent trees, and others on paradise stocks, at fifteen feet 

 distance, on the other side of the rails, for temporary trees. 

 The ground between the rows will produce vegetables of much 

 better flavour than those grown under the shade of standard 

 trees. Mr. Dick has given a diagram, showing that the sha- 

 dow produced by an espalier rail, five feet high, in latitude 

 56°, on the 3d of September at noonday, will not exceed eight 

 feet, the distance between his rows of trees. He gives this 

 diagram because " some persons might be afraid of the sun's 

 shadowing the espalier rows too much ; " but, as these rows 

 are south and north, no shadow will be produced by the sun 

 at midday, throughout the year. The diagram is therefore 

 useless, if not deceptive, and Mr. Dick should rather have 



