Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society. 193 



shown what shadow would be thrown by the one row of trees 

 on the other, in the ripening season of cherries and apples, at 

 ten and two o'clock. In latitude 56°, on the 23d of Septem- 

 ber, at two o'clock, he will find one foot of the lower part of 

 the west side of each row in shade, and of course this breadth 

 of darkness will increase from that time till sunset : from sun- 

 rise till midday, the proportion of the east side of each row 

 in shade will gradually diminish ; at ten o'clock the pro- 

 portion in shade will of course be the same as on the west side 

 at two o'clock. We mention these particulars, not as to the 

 disadvantage of Mr. Dick's plan, which we think unobjection- 

 able in its kind, but merely to show the proper mode of con- 

 sidering the subject of shade as applied to it. The Society's 

 silver medal was voted to Mr. Dick, " for devising this advan- 

 tageous mode of arranging dwarf fruit trees in a garden." 



5. Description of an economical Pit for preserving Vegetables 

 and Salads during Winter, and raising early Vegetables and 

 Salads in the Spring. By Mr. Alexander Stewart, Gardener to 

 Sir Robert Preston, Bart., Valleyfield. 



The same pit which is described in the Horticultural Trans- 

 actions, and in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. ii. p. 414., and 

 for which Mr. Stewart received the Caledonian Society's silver 

 medal. 



6. On the Utility of employing Grass Turf or Stvard, in forward- 

 ing early Crops of certain Vegetables. By Mr. Alexander Bisset, 

 Gardener at Methven Castle. 



This practice, as far as respects early peas, has been de- 

 scribed by our correspondent, Mr. Bishop. (Gard. Mag., vol. i. 

 p. 126.) Mr. Bisset raises early potatoes, beans, and cauli- 

 flower plants, and even forces strawberries, in the same 

 manner. 



" The turf for a potato crop is cut into pieces of about 

 three or four inches square : these are placed in a close, irre- 

 gular manner, over the surface of the beds, and only one tuber 

 or cutting planted in each piece of turf. This should be done 

 about the middle of February ; and by the time the potato 

 plants have reached to the height of three or four inches, it 

 will be found necessary to remove them to a sheltered and 

 south-aspected border, where they are to produce their crop. 

 But it may be here observed, that, as the application of bot- 

 tom heat is in this instance essentially necessary, another de- 

 sirable point may, without any additional labour, be gained ; 

 for, while the greater part of the potato plants may be removed 



Vol. III. — No. 10. o 



