204? Catalogue of Works } 



Hartwig, Garden Inspector of the Botanic Garden of Carlsruhe : Hortua 

 Carlsruhanus, oder Verzeichniss sammtlicher Gewacbse, &c. Hortus 

 Carlsruanus, or Catalogue of the Plants cultivated in the Grand-ducal 

 Botanic Garden of Carlsruhe ; with a short History of the Botanic and 

 Pleasure Gardens there, from 1530 to 1825, and the Ground Plan, Ele- 

 vations, and Sections of the Hot-houses. Carlsruhe. 8vo, 1 fol. plate. 

 The palace and gardens of Carlsruhe are among the noblest in Germany : 

 a general idea of them, accompanied by a plan, has been given in the Encyc. 

 of Gard. (§ 7314.), and we shall here abridge Mr. Inspector Hartwig's 

 short history, and inspect his catalogue and plans. 



The princes of Baden have taken an interest in natural history from the 

 earliest times ; and, from a conviction that all progress in the improvement 

 of the soil is founded in a knowledge of nature, they laid out botanic and 

 pleasure gardens, in which experiments might be conducted, interesting 

 at once to the forester, the rural economist, and the man of science. The 

 date of the first garden formed by this family cannot be found out ; the 

 earliest records commence with 1 520, when the Margrave Ernest built 

 a castle and laid out a garden at Sultzburg. His successor, the Margrave 

 Charles II., built and laid out Carlsburgh Dourlach in 1 565 ; and, from 1 595 to 

 1 622, this garden was greatly increased and improved by the Margrave George 

 Frederick, whose physician, the celebrated Gasper Bauhin of Basil, often 

 visited and greatly admired the garden. The Margrave Frederick VI. also 

 added to the garden of Dourlach, which Jerome Bauhin eulogised, as appears 

 by the Krauterbuch of Tabernaemontanus of 1664, dedicated to this prince. 

 In 1689, the town of Dourlach, with many other towns and villages, was 

 burned to the ground by the French; but, notwithstanding this, the Margrave 

 Frederick Magnus rebuilt it and renewed the garden. A red and white spruce 

 fir, an avenue of chestnuts, and an ash tree, planted, it is supposed, when 

 the garden was originally formed, in the sixteenth century, still remain, and 

 are of a great size. The ash, which is 140 German feet high, and the trunk 

 19 feet in circumference, displays a label of tinned iron, with an inscription 

 signifying that in 1802 it had stood three centuries. The avenue of horse- 

 chestnuts is supposed to be the oldest either in Germany or France. Some 

 of them exceed 120 Rhenish feet high, and 15 in circumference. Mr. 

 Hartwig considers them larger than those of the Augarten at Vienna, 

 which are said to be trees of the first generation, from the plants raised 

 from the seeds brought by Clusius from the north of Asia to Constanti- 

 nople in 1550, from thence to Vienna in 1588, to Paris in 1615, and to 

 London in 1629. Since 1809 nothing has been done to the Dourlach garden. 

 In 1715, the Margrave Charles William founded the palace and gardens of 

 Carlsruhe ; the latter being laid out in the French style by Berceon, with 

 parterres for flowers strewed with different coloured sands, broken glass, 

 porcelain, shells, &c, and the main walks lined with hedges of box, yew, 

 hornbeam, &c. In 1751, Professor Hebenstreit of Leipsic, and the Carlsruhe 

 gardener, Thran, were sent to Africa for plants. Thran returned success- 

 ful in 1755, and soon afterwards the first Carlsruhe catalogue was printed. 

 {Holler. Bib. Bot., torn. ii. p. 266.) It contained about two thousand species, 

 besides an immense collection of florist's bulbs of the finest varieties. From 

 both about two hundred drawings were made by Trew, and described by 

 Ehret. In 1765, Dr. Koelreuter was appointed botanist to this garden. 

 In 1787, Schweyckert, who had studied gardening in England, was made 

 inspector, and through him the garden so increased, that, in 1 795, the Hoi'tus 

 Carlsruhanus contained five hundred species. In 1796, the French invaded 

 this part of Germany, and caused the neglect of the garden; and, in 1806, 

 when Mr. Garden Inspector Schweyckert died, the number of species had 

 declined to three hundred, chiefly ligneous plants and annuals. Mr. Hartwig, 

 the present inspector, was then appointed to the situation, and began by intro- 



