"Remarks on the hot Water System, 431 



fresh caloric, as the blood ascends, descends, and passes again into the lungs 

 to regain a new portion of oxygen, and recommences constantly the same 

 function, of carrying heat to the extremity of the body. 



" Description. — The fireplace is surrounded by a boiler, from the top of 

 which an ascending pipe leads to a reservoir, which is filled with water and 

 placed at the upper part of the house, or anywhere above the said boiler 

 and from which a descending pipe communicates underneath the boiler 

 which may be carried in any direction. The rarefaction thus produced by the 

 heat in the ascending pipe occasions a pressure from the colder water in 

 the descending pipe, which establishes a perpetual circulation, and by which 

 means perforins the object of carrying the caloric wherever it may be desired. 



" This new stove is particularly recommended to all those who are 

 prejudiced against the use of air heated in metal tubes in contact with fire. 

 The air can thus never receive above 160° or 180° of heat, nor be in any 

 way decomposed, in tubes which are heated by immersion in hot water 

 while the pleasing effect of a soft and regular heat is constantly felt. The 

 improvement may be added to all present stoves, so that one fire will suf- 

 fice to warm at least four rooms at the same time. The expense of fixino- 

 the apparatus is small, when the economy in fuel, by heating so many rooms 

 from a small fire, is considered ; besides the advantages of having hot water 

 in every apartment, and to get rid of the dust of a fire in a bedroom, &c. 

 The same fire may also heat a bath. 



" Any kitchen-fire to which the apparatus is attached, may warm the stair- 

 cases, parlours, shops, ware-rooms, &c, in short, any number of places, 

 according to the size of the fire, which will at the same time supply hot 

 water for all culinary purposes, the scullery, wash-houses, &c. Conservato- 

 ries, hot-houses, arid hot-beds have been heated upon this principle with 

 the greatest success ; and a further advantage in the water calori feres is 

 that, according to the situation, the heat ma}' be given either above or 

 below the fire. The method of heating by circulation of hot water is 

 preferable to steam in many respects : steam requires a strong fire, and to 

 be always kept up, whereas very little fire is sufficient to keep up the heat 

 in the water when once boiling, and to renew the caloric, which is conti- 

 nually passing through the different apparatus for spreading the heat ; it is, 

 therefore, much more economical," 



After this follows the description of the manner of warm- 

 ing and ventilating the depot in the Burlington Arcade, 

 which was exhibited, three days in the week to show how six 

 rooms on three upper floors might be warmed by hot water, 

 from a boiler behind the kitchen-fire; and three other days to 

 show the " descending effect" in warming with hot water, by 

 a stove and boiler fixed on the first floor, for the purpose of 

 heating the two parlours and the kitchens. In the plate illus- 

 trative of these descriptions, a bath so heated is shown. 



After deploring the indifference of the public to his inven- 

 tions, Comte Chabannes states his conviction, " that their own 

 merits will cause them, ere long, to be acknowledged;" that 

 his attention had been directed to the subject of warming and 

 ventilating by an unexpected destiny (we believe, the loss of 

 fortune at the Revolution) ; and that an active and laborious 

 mind had enabled him to perfect his inventions with rapidity. 

 He concludes : " To have been in some degree useful to my 



