Cottage Husbandry and Architecture. 157 



o, Pigsty, with a rubbing-post in the open area or feeding-place. 



Two old barrels, for pigs' food, will require to be placed under cover; and where they can be 

 kept from freezing in winter, and from being extremely hot in summer. One of these ought to 

 be tilling while the other is emptying, and the contents should not be made use of before ferment, 

 ation has commenced (see p. 171.). The fuel-house (z) will be a very good situation for these 

 tubs in summer, and a corner of the cow-house (A) in winter. 



q, Shed for faggot-wood, o, p, and q, may be roofed with one lean-to or 

 pavilion roof of uniform height and width ; or if corn is grown by the cot- 

 tager, then, instead of a roof of slates, tiles, &c, may be substituted a floor of 

 joists of the same width as required for the roof; and on this floor may be 

 laid, first, a layer of faggots, and on these built the corn or hay as a stack or 

 stacks, and thatched in the usual manner. This would save the expense of 

 tiles or slates, and also the ground that would otherwise be requisite as a 

 rick-stand. 



rr, Two cesspools for liquid manure, i. e. for all the drainings of the open 

 yard after they have passed through the dungpit ( p), for the water of the two 

 closets, and from the sink to be described under fig. 31. (r), including soap- 

 suds and all waste or foul water made on the premises. 



As it is found advantageous that this liquid manure should undergo fermentation, no less than 

 pigs' food, before it is used, two cesspools become necessary, and also an arrangement by which 

 the supplies from the different sources can be turned into either cesspool at pleasure. This is to 

 be effected by the plug-hole s, 3 ft. deep, the sides of which are built of brick or stone, and the 

 bottom formed of one stone containing two holes, each 3 in. diameter; the left-hand hole communi- 

 cating with the left-hand cesspool, and the right-hand with the other. A plug, with a handle 4 or 

 5 ft. long, is to be used for stopping the communication with the cesspool which is filled or under- 

 going fermentation ; and as these pools are alternately filled and emptied, the plug can be removed 

 from the one hole in the regulating well to the other. These pools are placed without the open 

 yard, in the supposed garden, for the greater convenience of emptying them. 



The platform on which the house stands, or appears to stand, and which 

 will be better understood by referring to figs. 36. and 40., is level on the 

 entrance front (t t), and on the other fronts or sides it forms inclined planes, 

 for the sake of easy ascent and descent to the out-offices or to the garden : 

 the inclined plane commences at u and ends at v. 



The platform is 5 ft. broad, and includes a border of 1ft. for wall trees and flowers next the 

 house, and a margin of 1 ft., which should be of turf on the outer edge, leaving a walk between 

 of 3 ft., which ought to be gravelled. The exterior sides of the platform (w) may have different 

 degrees of slope, according to the nature of the soil and the culture or application of the 'plat- 

 form. For a loamy soil, where the platform is to be covered with turf, with a furze or a box hedge 

 about 2 ft. high along its upper angle, the slope may be 45° ; where a loamy soil is to be cultivated 

 as a flower-border, the slope may be from 30° to 35° ; a sandy soil should have a still greater slope. 

 Where stones are abundant, the slope may be formed into rockwork, with a small hedge at top, 

 or a dwarf wall, or a row of rough stones. Along the upper edge of the slope, in the line of the 

 small hedge, we should recommend, in almost every case, some standard fruit trees to be planted ; 

 in order that their roots might bring into use the soil accumulated in the platform, and their tops 

 the vacant space, speaking with reference to vegetation, over the roof of the house. In some 

 situations, it might be worth while to form a rough trellis over the roof, and at about a foot above 

 the roof, and on this trellis to train either apples, pears, plums, or vines ; in severe climates, ivy, 

 for the sake of retaining heat in winter. On the side walls of the cottage we would have fruit 

 trees or vines, together with ever-flowering roses, honeysuckles, clematis, white and yellow (J. 

 fruticans) jasmine, Chimonanthus fragrans, and Wistaria Consequarea. 



The platform may be ascended from the garden, either by the inclined plane (a v) leading to the 

 out-offices ; by a similar inclined plane directly in front ; or by steps (y). The descent to the cel- 

 lar is by 6 or 7 steps (as). 



The platform may be ascended from the garden, either by the inclined 

 plane (u v) leading to the out-offices ; by a similar inclined plane directly in 

 front; or by steps («/). The descent to the cellar is by 6 or 7 steps (z). 



Fig. 31. Plan of the Cellar Floor, Heating Flue, and Foundations. 



a, Steps of descent. If the front of such a porch were to any other quar- 

 ter than the south-east, the porch should be larger with an exterior door ; if 

 it fronted the south-west, the entrance to the porch ought to be on its 

 south side, for the sake of protection from the weather. 



b, Apartment serving as a back-kitchen, wash-house, brew-house, bake 

 house, &c, as well as for boiling or scalding food for the cow, pigs, and 

 poultry. 



c, Store cellar for potatoes, beer, home-made wines, salt meat, and simi- 

 lar articles of permanent provision. 



d, Milk-house and pantry ; in the farther corner in the ceiling ought to be 

 a small grated opening, communicating with the vacuity in the wall, to pro- 

 mote ventilation ; the exterior window ought to be of wire or hair cloth, 

 which both excludes air and heat or cold. 



