Cottage Husbandry and Architecture. 



159 



to give out heat for a day or two, according to the season of the year, after every time that the 

 oven is heated. The heat from the floor, in its ascent to the roof, will warm whatever it meets 

 with ; but this is not the case with either raised stoves or open fires. In heating by open fires or 

 common stoves, the heat ascends directly to the ceiling, and is there in a great measure wasted as 

 far as it respects the bodies of the persons in the apartment ; but by this mode the ceiling will not 

 in general be hotter than the floor. Except when there is a fire in the oven, its door must be 

 kept perfectly close, and a damper in the upright flue, to be afterwards mentioned, nearly so. 



Over the oven, and as a cover to it, instead of brickwork, might be placed, or built in, a cast- 

 iron box or iron pot for heating water, as shown by the dotted lines in the plan fie;. 31., and by k 

 in fig. 32. The upper surface of this box or pot might form a part of the kitchen floor, as in 

 fig. 39. ; and might have a properly secured flat lid on that side, to admit of putting in and taking 

 out water : or the box might be entirely buried in masonry, as in fig. 32., and in that case a part of 

 it should project from the wall into the back kitchen, and should have a lid to open, for the pur- 

 pose of filling and cleaning out, and a cock (I) for the purpose of drawing off the water. If this 

 box were 2 ft. or 2| ft. square, and 9 in. or 10 in. deep, it would supersede the necessity of the cop- 

 per (fig. 31. e), and in summer, when the heat of the flue was not wanted, a damper withdrawn 

 would admit the smoke to ascend directly to the chimney top. 



A family with a pot or box of this kind over their oven, the box or pot either opening only from 

 the kitchen above, or both from above and from the back kitchen, would, throughout the 

 year, scarcely require any other fire than what was made in the oven ; all their roasting and bak- 

 ing would be done in the oven, and all their boiling in the pot or box over it. As it might not 

 be always convenient or desirable to boil the large box or pot full of water, there might be a well 

 of (Sin. diameter and 9 in. deep cast in its bottom, and the small quantity of water which this well 

 would contain would be boiled with very little fuel ; for tea, or any similar purpose, a tin jug of 

 water might be set in among the water in the well, which would keep the former perfectly pure. 

 A very small quantity of fuel consumed in such an oven will have a powerful effect in heating the 

 water above it, from "the difficulty of the heat escaping by the sides. Water might easily be drawn 

 out of this well, or out of the box or pot when in common use, from the upper kitchen, without 

 stooping, by a soude (Gard. Mag., vol. v. p. 656.) with a long handle. One half of the water which 

 falls on the roof of the building, we have before stated, is proposed to be conducted into the 

 cistern (/), for general purposes ; the remaining half we propose to conduct into a tank, thence to 

 pass through a filtering stratum into a reservoir, for culinary use. 



to, The receiving tank, which, in addition to the pipe from the roof, has 

 another pipe from the inside with a funnel, into which to pour a supply for 

 filtration, from the pump (fig. 30. to), in times of great drought, or at any 

 time when the culinary reservoir was exhausted. 



n, Waste pipe from this tank, communicating with the drain pipe, 

 o, Drain pipe, communicating with the well of the cesspools, (sin fig. 30.) 

 p, Filtering tank, consisting of sand and charcoal, placed on a bottom 

 raised 4 in. from the bottom of the receiving tank. 



The filter, including the false bottom of slate pierced with holes, and the top'a thin plate of 

 filtering stone, is 1 ft. in thickness ; the water ascends through it, and then runs off into the reser ■ 

 voir tank, so that the operation of filtering cannot go on unless there is a depth of at least 1 ft. 6 in. 

 of water in the receiving tank. There is a large cock or hole, stopped with a plug, near the bot- 

 tom of the receiving tank, by opening which, when the reserve tank is full, the filtered water will 

 rush backwards through the filter, and thus free it from impurities. There are several advan- 

 tages attending this arrangement, which we shall not stop at present to point out. 



q, Receiving tank for the filtered water, communicating by a cock with 

 the sink r, and the sink having a stink-trap (of which there is a cheap and 

 excellent sort in earthenware, by Peake of Tunstall), connected with a 

 waste pipe s, which joins the drain pipe o. 



t, Foundations of the outbuildings, shown in^g. 30. by fg h i Jc I and in. 



u, Tank, or well of water for 

 general purposes, and for supplying 

 the filtering tank in times of extra- 

 ordinary drought. 



Fig. 32. section on the line G H in 

 Fig. 31. to show the depth of the 

 flues ; the double cover and vacuity 

 between the covers at g ; the cast- 

 iron box of hot water, k ; the cock 

 for emptying it, I ; the small lid for 

 10 Ft. filling it, m; the oven, n; the cop- 



illl, 



per, 



o; the natural surface of the 



ground, p ; and the surface of the platform, q. 

 Fig. 33. Section on the line I K of Fig. 30. 



h, Siebe's pump, with an ascending pipe into 

 the general cistern. 



i, Cistern for the water-closets. 



It, Place for ducks or geese beneath. 



/, Hen-house, with tool-house and man's water- 

 closet under. 



m, Family bedroom. 



n, Loft, with ventilator, or trap-door, from the 



a, Natural surface of the ground. 



b, Surface of the platform. 



c, Level of the foundations of the cellar. 



d, Foundations of the other walls. 



e, Foundation of the oven. 

 /, Foundation of the partition wall between 



the living-room and family bedroom. 

 g, Well or tank. 



