596 Foreign Notices : — Poland, North America. 



recently planted vineyards already yielding good wine. This is a singular 

 instance of the establishment of vineyards where no vines were ever before 

 cultivated. (A Spectator in the Netherlands, in the Derbyshire Courier of 

 Nov. 28. 1829.) 



POLAND. 

 A Manufactory of Sugar from Beet-root is in progress on the estate of 

 Guzow, seven German miles from Warsaw, on the road to Posen. The 

 concern will be conducted upon the newest principles. The government 

 have promised to assist it liberally : they wish the manufacture of sugar to 

 become general in the kingdom, and arrangements are made to instruct 

 pupils free of expense in every branch of the business. Besides the above 

 manufactory, there are already several others actually established. A sample 

 of raw sugar has been sent to Warsaw. The estate alluded to is the pro- 

 perty of Count Henry Lubienski. — J.L. Warsaw, May 13. 1830. 



NORTH AMERICA. 



Sweet and sour Apples. — Mr. Bradley mentions an apple which was 

 sweet and boiled soft on one side, and sour and boiled hard on the other 

 (Treatise on Gardening); and the late John Jay of New York notices 

 another sweet on one side and sour on the other. (Comm. Board Agric. 

 vol. i. p. 362.) I can relate a third case of a similar nature. The late 

 Levi Hollingsworth, merchant, who resided for more than sixty years in 

 Philadelphia, and was a man of the highest integrity, informed me, several 

 years since, that when he was a boy, living at Elkton in Maryland, there 

 was a full grown apple-tree, the fruit of which was sweet on one side, and 

 sour on the other : on the same limb there grew apples quite insipid, others 

 sweet, and others sour. He mentioned the fact as of his own knowledge 

 to a club of literary gentlemen, who met at a public-house once a week to 

 discuss useful subjects, in the year 1762, in Philadelphia; but the doctrine 

 of the marriage of plants was not familiar to them, and the fact was 

 doubted. This so mortified him, that he went down to Elkton, in com- 

 pany with the late Mr. Samuel Nicholas, who was a respectable citizen, 

 and brought away several of the apples to the club. Mr. Hollingsworth 

 assured me that the tree had never been grafted. — J. M. Philadelphia, 

 Sept. 7. 1829. 



Apples and Pears on the same Tree. — " Mr. John Gage of Upton Union, 

 a few years ago, grafted a pear upon an apple scion in his garden. When 

 it grew up so as to begin to bear, it bore for two years very excellent pears. 

 The third and fourth years its leaves, which formerly were those of a pear 

 tree, changed, by degrees, to those of an apple tree. The fifth year, and 

 ever since, it has borne excellent apples. This has been related to me 

 by at least fifty of the most respectable men on the spot, who personally 

 knew it to be true." (Job Johnston in Long Island Patriot.) — J. M. Phi- 

 ladelphia, Sept. 7. 1829. Unquestionably an error in the observer ; the 

 scion in all probability never united properly, and a shoot from the stock 

 was mistaken for it. — Cond. 



Identity of the Peach and the Nectarine. — In the Linnean Correspond- 

 ence it is stated (preface p. 1.) that a tree bought for a nectarine produced 

 peaches; the next year it bore nectarines and peaches, and for twenty 

 years after. P. Collinson informs Linnaeus (p. 7.) that at Lord Wilmington's 

 a tree produced both nectarines and peaches. Sir J. E. Smith, the editor, 

 says, that several instances of this have occurred; and that he was pre- 

 sented with a fruit half nectarine half peach. It grew on a tree which 

 usually bore nectarines and peaches ; but in two seasons, at some years' 

 distance from each other, the same tree produced half a dozen of these 

 combined fruits. Collinson mentions (p. 70.) that he saw both fruits on the 

 same tree close to each other ; and (p. 75.) that a peach produced a nec- 

 tarine from a stone, and not a peach, in his own garden. Without knowing 



