Transactions of the HortiaiUiiral Society, r47. 



the extremity." To attain this object, he lets the trees take, 

 their natural form, whatever that may be, and only thins out 

 and shortens the shoots. " Young trees are to be treated in 

 the following manner : — If there are more than three shoots 

 on the plant, reduce them to that number, and shorten each 

 to three, four, or six eyes, according to their strength. The 

 following season, reduce the number of leading shoots to six, 

 and shorten them to three fourths of their length, and spur in 

 the remaining shoots. The tree should be managed in every 

 respect in this manner, until it has attained the required size, 

 which, of course, depends on the convenience or fancy of the 

 owner or conductor of the garden." 



Old trees to be treated in this manner, must be " cut down 

 short," and allowed to make new heads. The first trial of this 

 plan was made on trees which had been planted for six or 

 seven years. " In consequence, they required to be very 

 much thinned out, so as to get the branches clear of each 

 othei\ In thinning, I always bore in mind to cut the old wood 

 off close to the stem or branch it was attached to; this pre-r 

 vented young wood springing afterwards. When the trees 

 were thinned of the old shoots, as above stated, the young side 

 shoots were what is generally termed spurred in ; that is, they 

 were so shortened, that only two or three buds were left on 

 them, and the leading top-shoots were shortened to half their 

 length. The following and every succeeding year, the trees 

 were treated in the same manner as respects the young wooci, 

 till they had acquired the desired height, when the leading 

 shoots were shortened, as the side shoots or spurs had been 

 previously." 



36. A Plan for transplanting large Forest Trees in Paries. By Sir 

 Charles Miles Lambert Monck, Bart. F.H.S. 



Tired and disappointed by the frequent failure of single 

 trees which had been carefully transplanted, and secured by 

 stakes and bandages, and having a quantity of refuse stone 

 in large lumps, the writer used these stones as a mulching 

 for trees about 8 ft. high. Each tree had two two-horse 

 cart-loads, not " built up high, but packed close by each other, 

 and set on edge, so as to make a tabular but very rugged sur^ 

 •face around the foot of the tree, and extended to the distance 

 of 4 ft. 



" These trees succeeded well, and far beyond my expect- 

 ation. On considering the cause of their success, it appeared 

 to me that the stones served the three purposes of fencing, 

 staking, and mulching ; the first of which is always necessary, 

 to defend them from the assaults of cattle; the second is 



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