Rouen. 375 



period of the revolution, and destined for the residence of one 

 of the 100 senators during the consulate. Since the restor- 

 ation it was sold to Mr. Calvert, who has built in the walled 

 garden a range of sloping glass green-houses after the manner 

 of English nurseries. Mr. Calvert has raised a great many 

 roses from seed, especially varieties of the Noisette and of 

 semperflorens and sanguinea; these he propagates by cut- 

 tings of the young wood taken off at two or three times 

 between June and September. The plants are sold as dwarfs 

 for flower borders, of which they are very great ornaments in 

 June and July, and from October till they are destroyed by 

 frost. In the opinion of some these varieties are much hand- 

 somer in this dwai'f state on their own roots, than when budded 

 standard high ; and it is certain they are much more durable, 

 for there are not above twenty or thirty sorts of roses that will 

 live ten years, budded as standards. It is good, however, to 

 have both standards and dwarfs ; and ten years is a long enouo-h 

 life for a rose. We were surprised to find that i26sa semper- 

 florens, and one or two other varieties, raised from seeds sown in 

 January and February, flower in the August and September 

 of the same year ; the continual succession of new sorts, there- 

 fore, need not be wondered at, though it is perhaps to be 

 regretted as puzzling to purchasers. In a bed of seedlings 

 we found the shoots from 2 to 4 ft. in length, and most of the 

 plants with one flower or more near their extremities. These 

 flowers are much less double in the first and second years than 

 they are in the third and fourth. Mr. Calvert has suffered 

 extensively from the ravages of the ver hlanc or cockchaffer 

 (Vol. III. p. 295.), and therefore no longer stirs the soil in the 

 months of May, June, and July, among his roses, but pulls 

 out the weeds by hand, leaving the surface as hard as a 

 gravel walk, in order to prevent the insect from depositing its 

 eggs there. This mode is found successful, as is that of 

 covering the surface with wheat-straw at Vibert's rose garden 

 at St. Denis, and other places where the soil is too loose to 

 become hard. The circumstance of either of these modes 

 having been resorted to, shows the great benefit which cultiva- 

 tors must derive from a knowledge of the natural history of in- 

 sects, birds, and other animals with which they come in contact. 

 Mr. Calvert is very successful in the propagation of orange 

 trees. The seeds are sown broadcast on a hot-bed early in 

 spring ; they make strong plants by August, are then taken 

 up and potted, set on heat, by the middle of September 

 grafted, and by the middle of November they have ripened a 

 shoot of from 6 inches to a foot. This rapid progress is 

 attained by the use of moist or dung heat, and judicious 



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