THE OOLOGIST 



827 



cago Sanitary District water has killed 

 off most of the larger trees in the 

 river bottoms this species has become 

 a common breeder here in the over- 

 flower bottoms. 



No. 417, Whippoorwill (Antrostomus 

 vociferus vociferus). A common breed- 

 er here now, much more so than twen- 

 ty years ago. 



No. 420, Nighthawk (Chordeiles vir- 

 ginianus virginianus). Now a very 

 rare breeder here. This species and 

 the preceding have reversed their 

 relative positions in this respect in the 

 last twenty years. 



No. 456, Phoebe (Saymoris phoebe). 

 Not nearly so common as formerly. 

 The English Sparrow has practically 

 driven it away from all the buildings 

 and it now nests almost entirely under 

 bridges and banks. It is a much wild- 

 er bird than formerly. 



No. 466, Traill's Flycatcher (Empi- 

 donax trailli trailli). This is the spe- 

 cies referred in my prior list under 

 the number 466-a. 



No. 511, Purple Grackle (Quiscalus 

 quiscula quiscula). 



511-b, Bronzed Grackle (Quiscalus 

 quiscula aeneus). This latter species 

 is the only one nesting here. It is an 

 abundant breeder everywhere. The 

 purple Grackle was included in my 

 former list because of erroneous iden- 

 tification. 



No. 584, Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza 

 georgiana). A rather rare breeder 

 along the river. 



No. 593, Cardinal (Cardinalis cardin- 

 alis). In the last twenty years this 

 species has become one of our common 

 birds. It is a resident the entire year, 

 withstanding our very coldest weather 

 apparently as well as a Downy Wood- 

 pecker. It nests all along the river 

 bottoms on the bluffs and in the towns. 



No. 595, Rose Breasted Grosbeak 

 (Zamelodia ludoviciana). This spe- 



cies has also become a common breed- 

 er here in the last twenty years. 



No. 612, Cliff Swallow (Petrocheli- 

 don lunifrons lunifrons). Twenty 

 years ago this species was nesting all 

 over the county. Today not a bird 

 breeds within the county. Nor has 

 there for the past eight or ten years. 

 The cause? Same old story! The 

 English Sparrow has entirely driven it 

 out by taking every nest as soon as 

 completed. Today the farmers horses 

 and cattle must be eaten up by the 

 myriads of flies and mosquitoes that 

 no longer fear this natural enemy, the 

 Cliff Swallow. 



No. 614, Tree Swallow (Irdoproene bi- 

 color). Not one-half as common a 

 breeder as in 1890 for the same reason 

 the Hairy Woodpecker is not, namely, 

 the English Sparrow takes all its nest- 

 ing places. 



622-e, Migrant Shrike (Lanius ludo- 

 vicianus migrans). The remarks ap- 

 plied in my former list to the White- 

 rumped Shrike apply to this bird ow- 

 ing to the change in nomenclature, see 

 1910 A. O. U. Check list of North 

 American Birds. 



No. 633, Bells Vireo (Vireo belli bel- 

 li). Of recent years this species has 

 become a tolerably common breeder in 

 this county. 



No. 731, Tufted Titmouse (Baelo- 

 phius bicolor). Of occasional occur- 

 rence within the county. I know of 

 their nests being found, one by myself. 

 Only one set of eggs have ever been 

 taken and preserved as far as I know. 

 That was taken by Prof. D. B. Bur- 

 rows. I believe this bird is gradually 

 becoming more common here. 



No. 751, Blue Gray Gnatcatcher (Poli- 

 optila caerulea caerulea). I know this 

 bird breeds in this county because of 

 having seen it here during the breed- 

 ing season and because of having sev- 

 eral nests brought to me by persons 

 who found them after they had been 



