on Gardening and Rural Affairs. 219 



twelve years of age, and to remain five years in his establishment. He en- 

 gages to give them three sorts of instruction ; viz. elementary, as reading, 

 writing, arithmetic, and cosmography ; technical, as agriculture, domestic 

 economy, and all the trades which belong to them, such as butchery, meal- 

 making, spinning, distillery, brick -making, &c. &c. ; practical, that is, how 

 to work in or execute all these rural occupations, male as well as female, 

 including spinning, tailoring, milking, cheese-making, &c. The establiah- 

 ment was opened on the 4th of November, 1825; in the discourse pro- 

 nounced on which occasion, it is stated, that when the children have com- 

 pleted their education, they will be fit to embrace any of the different 

 professions which belong to rural economy ; such as miller, baker, innkeeper, 

 gardener, forest-keeper, brick-maker, distiller, &c. 



All the labours of the establishment are to be performed by the pupils ; 

 an account is to be opened for each individual, in which he is to be charged 

 with the prime cost of his food, clothing, and instruction, and credited with 

 the estimated value of his labour, and if at the period when he leaves the 

 establishment there should be a balance in his favour, it is paid him. Baron 

 de C. calculates that in most cases the pupils will have something to receive. 



Verhandlungen des Vereins, &c. Transactions of the Prussian Gardening 

 . Society. Part IV. Berlin. 4to. 8 pi. 3 thdlr. 



The principal paper in this Part is on the construction of hot-houses, 

 by Mr. Otto, the secretary, and Mr. Schramm, inspector of buildings, or 

 what we would call surveyor. It is one of the most comprehensive and 

 judicious treatises on the subject that has yet appeared on the Con- 

 tinent, where, as Mr. Otto observes in his introduction, that department of 

 garden architecture has undergone an entire revolution within the last 

 twenty years. Six of the plates are in illustration of this treatise, (which is 

 also published separately, price 2 thr. 10 gr.) and the remaining two are of 

 Cassia rostrata, and Hibiscus fugax, handsome stove-plants, with yellow 

 flowers. All the papers in this and the preceding parts will afterwards be 

 duly examined with a view to extracts; here we have only room to notice 

 the establishment in Esslingen of a society for sending out botanical col- 

 lectors ; a much better plan, in our opinion, than joining that department 

 with horticulture. 



Italy. 



II Fattore di Campagna; or, the Land Steward; a monthly agricultural 



Journal. Milan. 8vo. 



The number for May contains an able article on the necessity of educating 

 the agricultural population, and on the means of accomplishing this pur- 

 pose. These means are the Sunday and holyday schools for teaching 

 reading, writing, and arithmetic, to the younger children ; and week-day 

 schools, to be established, and in great part maintained, by the principal 

 proprietors, for teaching the operations of agriculture, the theory of their 

 effects, and also the operations and theories of the various rural arts most 

 connected with a country life, such as the various branches of building, the 

 art of the miller, baker, brewer, smith, veterinary surgeon, &c. The Sun- 

 day schools are to be entirely managed by the local clergy, and not to 

 commence till after the church service has been completed ; the schools of 

 practical instruction are to be under the direction of the land-steward of 

 the estate on which it is established ; and foreign languages, religion, and 

 politics are not to be included in the instructions. In many cases, the 

 whole of these instructions will be given by the steward alone ; in others 

 he will have competent assistants, and chiefly from the local clergy. The 

 principal expense will be borne by the proprietors, but a part also by the 

 pupils, on the principle that what costs nothing is but little valued. — 

 The cause of knowledge is prospering all over the world. 



