IV CONTENTS. 



Geologic history of the upper Eocene, etc. — Continued. Page. 

 Summary of the stratigi'aphic and geographic distribution of the Tertiary 



and Pleistocene coral-faunas of Central America and the West Indies. . . 226 



Table of stratigraphic and geographic distribution of species 228 



Conditions under which the West Indian, Ceritral American, and Floridian 



coral reefs have formed, and their bearing on theories of coral-reef formation . 238 



Definition of the term ' ' coral reef " 238 



Ecology of reef-forming corals 240 



Hypotheses of the formation of coral reefs 241 



Tests of coral-reef hypotheses 246 



Criteria for recognizing shift in position of strand line 246 



Criteria for measuring the amount of vertical shift in strand line, and 

 for determining the relative ages of terraces and the physiographic 



stage attained by a shore line 247 



Criteria for ascertaining the role of corals as constructional agents 248 



Solubility of calcium carbonate in sea water 250 



Effects of wind-induced and other currents in shaping coral reefs 251 



Criteria for determining the effect of glaciation and deglaciation on 



the development of living reefs 252 



Amount of vertical displacement of strand line by glaciation and 



deglaciation 252 



Rate of growth of corals and length of post-Glacial time 253 



Effect of lowering of marine temperature on reef corals dru'ing 



glaciation 254 



Valley-in- valley arrangement and cliffed spurs 256 



American Tertiary and Pleistocene reef corals and coral reefs 258 



Eocene reef corals of St. Bartholomew 259 



West Indian middle Oligocene reefs 259 



Antigua 259 



Porto Rico 260 



Cuba 261 



West Indian and Panamanian upper Oligocene reefs 262 



Anguilla 262 



Canal Zone 262 



West Indian Miocene reef corals 263 



West Indian Pleistocene reefs : 263 



Tertiary and Pleistocene reef corals and coral reefs of the United States. 265 



Southeastern United States 265 



Plicene reef corals from Carrizo Creek, California 271 



Living coral reefs of the West Indies, Florida, and Central America 271 



Antigua-Barbuda Bank 273 



St. Martin Plateau 275 



St. Croix Island 278 



Virgin Bank 279 



Cuba 280 



Bahamas 291 



Bermudas 293 



Florida 297 



Campeche Bank 298 



Honduran reefs 300 



Mosquito Bank 300 



Some other West Indian Islands 301 



Brazil and Argentina 301 



Atlantic coast of the United States north of Florida 303 



Types of West Indian and Central American littoral and sublittoral 



profiles and their relations to coral reefs 303 



