GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CANAL ZONE. 271 



accepted the results of Smith and Heilprin but contended that the 

 southern end of the peninsula is composed of wind-blown coral sand. 

 Later investigations have established that the material comprising 

 this part of the peninsula is neither coral sand nor is it wind-blown. 

 Antecedent to the Kecent reef out of an area of between 25,000 and 

 30,000 square miles, perhaps as much as, but probably less than, 66 

 square miles may now be attributed to coral. 



The data on the fossil reefs of the Southeastern States may be 

 summarized as follows : 



1. Corals have played a subordinate part, usually a negligible part, 

 in the building of the Floridian plateau. 



2. Every conspicuous development of fossil coral reefs or reef 

 corals took place during subsidence. 



.3. In every instance the coral reefs or reef corals have developed 

 on platform basements which owe their origin to geologic agencies 

 other than those dependent on the presence of corals. 



PLIOCENE REEF CORALS FROM CARRIZO CREEK, CALIFOENIA. 



Mendenhall ^ has described in detail the relations of the coralli- 

 ferous beds at this locality, and I have republished his statements 

 in my account of the collection of corals made by him and Dr. Stephen 

 Bowers. 2 There is here another instance of a richly coralliferous 

 formation with an erosion unconformity at its base. 



Living Coeal Reefs of the West Indies, Florida, and Central America. 



No general account of the position and general features of the 

 living reefs within the region above mentioned will be given here, as 

 the subject has been fairly well treated by Alexander Agassiz for the 

 West Indies and Central America,^ and during the past eight years 

 I have pubUshed a number of papers, listed in the footnote,* on the 



1 Mendenliall, W. C, Notes on the geology of Carrizo Mountain and vicinity, San Diego County, Cali- 

 fornia, Journ. Geology, vol. 18, pp. 336-355, 1910. 



2 Vaughan, T. W., The reef-coral fauna of Carrizo Creek, Imperial County, California, and its significance, 

 U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 98-T, pp. 355-386, plates 92-102, 1917. 



8 Agassiz, A., A reconnaissance of the Bahamas and of the elevated reefs of Cuba in the steam yacht Wild 

 Duck, Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull., vol. 26, pp. 145-166, 1894. 



* Vaughan, T.W.: 



Sketch of the geologic history of the Floridian Plateau, Science, new ser., vol. 32, pp. 24-27, July 1, 1910. 



A contribution to the geologic history of the Floridian Plateau, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. No. 133, 

 pp. 99-185, 1910. 



Studies of the geology and of the Madreporaria of the Bahamas and of southern Florida, Carnegie Inst. 

 Washington Year- Book No. 11 (for 1912), pp. 153-162, 1913. 



Remarks on the geology of the Bahamas and on the formation of the Floridian and Bahaman oolites, 

 Washington Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 3, pp. 302-304, May 19, 1913. 



With L. V. Pirsson, A deep boring in Bermuda Island, Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 36, pp. 70-71, July, 

 1913. 



Sketch of geologic history of the Florida coral reef tract and comparisons with other coral reef areas, Wash- 

 ington Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 4, pp. 26-34, Jan. 19, 1914; abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 25, pp. 

 41-42, March, 1914. 



The reef corals of southern Florida, Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book No. 12 (for 1913), pp. 181-183, 



1914. 



[Footnote continued on page 272.] 



