Bii-ds of Celebes; Aitamidae. 



431 



c. Artamus leucorhynchus (1) Gray (nee L.), Gen. B. 1845, I, 285; (2) Walcl., Tr. Z. S. 



1872, Vni; (3) Hume, Str. F. 1874, IV, 214; (i) Salvad., Cat. Ucc. Borneo 

 1874, 140; (5) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 129, 14(j; (6) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 257, 409, 

 505, 553; (7) Hartert, J. f. 0. 18S7, 356; (8) Sharpe, Ibis 1890, 280; (9) 

 Vorderm., Notes Leyden Mus. 1891, 125. 

 Artamus leucogaster (1) Gray, Gen. B. 1845, 1,285; (2) Bernst., J. f. O. 1859, 268; (2^'') Nat. 

 Tdschi-. Ned. Ind. 1860, XXH, 21; (3) Sharpe, Rowley's Orn. Misc. 1878, HI, 

 184—187; (4) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1881, II, 167—171; (5) Meyer, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 

 Wien 1881, 766; (6) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 115, 137; (7) id., Ztschr. ges. Orn. 

 1885, 278; (8) Blittik., Notes Leyd. Mus. 1887, 46; (9) North, Nests and Eggs 

 Austr. B. 1889, 43; (10) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 144; (11) Sharpe, 

 Oat. B. 1890, Xm, 3; (12) Salvad., Orn. Pap. Agg. 1891, 93; (13) Hartert, 

 J. f. 0. 1891, 203; (U) id., Kat. Senckenb. Mus. 1891, 78; (15) Salvad., Ann. Mus. 

 Civ. Gen. 1891, 56; (16) Blittik., Notes Leyd. Mus. 1892 198; ('i?; id., Zool. Erg. 

 Weber's Reise in Ost-Ind. 1893, IH, 278, 286; (18) Sharpe, Ibis 1894, 252, 259; 

 (19) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1894, 475; (20) Bourns & Worces., P Menage Exp. 1894, 

 39; (21) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1895, 469; (22) Grant, I))is 18^5, 258; (23) M. & Wg., 

 Abb. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 9; (24) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 15; (25) Grant, 

 Ibis 1896, 551; (26) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 154, 168, 534, 547, 568, 575, 583, 

 594; (XXVII) Meyer, Vogelskel. 1897, H, pi. CCXVHI. 



d. Artamus leucorhynchus var. celebensis (1) Briigg., Abh. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 69. 



e. Artamus celebensis (1) Tweedd., Pais 1878, 386. 

 "Maspas", Minahassa, Meyer c 5. 



"Maspas sedang" (ad.), "Maspas pontej" (juv.), Nat. Coll. 



"Djaka djaka", Tjamba District, S. Celebes, Platen 7. 



"Sosolat ise ise", Tonkean and Balante, E. Celebes, Nat. Coll. 



"Manu sagu", Peling and Banggai, Nat. Coll. 



For further synonymy and references see Salvadori 4, 12, and Sharpe .3, 11 (omitting 

 A. musschenbroeki Meyer and references thereto). 



Figures and descriptions. Valenc. a I; Gould b 11, b 3; Meyer XX T'7I( skeleton); Hume 

 c 3; Salvad. 4; Sharpe 11. 



Adult. Above mouse-grey, becoming di-ab on back, scapulars and rump; upper tail- 

 coverts white; chin, throat and upper chest mouse-grey, concolorous with the 

 head; remaining under parts, including under wing-coverts, white; loral 

 region blackish grey; quills below grey, becoming nearly white at their bases 

 (N. Celebes, C 3493). Bill Ijluish; feet bluish grey; claws blackish — Meyer c 5. 

 Iris brown — Gould b 3; brownish — Meyer c 5; black (cf) — D'Albertis 4; 

 deep chocolate (cf) — Sharpe 7; blue-grey (cf) — Platen 7; dark brown (cf) — 

 Vorderman; brown ($) — Vorderman, Platen (see W. Bias. 7); "as a rule 

 deep brown, in one specimen deep slaty blue" (Andaman Is.: Davison c 3).. It 

 appears probable that, as in the case of Cacatita sulphurea, the colour of the iris 

 changes with age. 



Sexes. Similar. 



Young. Differs from the adult in having the feathers of the upper surface, especially on the 

 wing-coverts, scapulars and lower back, tipped with cinnamon; lores dusky, supra- 

 loral region cinnamon; throat washed with whitish; under surface white, famtly barred 

 with pale cinnamon; quills and tail tipped with whitish; bill flatter, brown (m skin), 

 bluish towards the base (Banka Id. off the Minahassa, C 12167, C 12166, 17*'' and 

 18* May, 1893 — Nat. ColL). 



