430 Birds of Celebes: Dicruridae. 



distinguishing characters (though not in size) between it and the typical form 

 of Celebes. D. leiicops should, therefore, be held to consist of the two sub- 

 species, the typical D. leucops and D. leucops axillaris, while the Siao birds may 

 be known as D. leucops — axillaris. 



1. The typical Dicrurus leucops. 



a. Dierurus leucops (1) Wall., P. Z. S. 1865, 478; (2) Gray, HL. I, 1869, 285, Nr. 4224; 



(3) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1872, YIH, 70; (4) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, Til, 

 658; (5) Briigg., Abli. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 72; (6) Lenz, J. f. 0. 1877, 375: 

 (7) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 131, 146; (VIII) id., Abb. v. Vogelskel. 1882, I, p. 21, pi. 

 XXVI; (9) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 125, 137; (10) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresd. 

 1895, Nr. 8, p. 10; (11) lid., ib. 1896, Nr. 1, p. 10; (12) lid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 15; 

 (13) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 155, 168; (14) id., ib. 1897, 162. 



b. Dicrurus pectoralis part. (1) Finscb, Neu Guinea 1865, 170. 



c. Chibia leucops (1) Sharps, Cat. B. Ill, 1877, 241; (2) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 554; 



(3) Hickson, Nat. in N.Celebes 1889, 91; ('J)Buttik, Zool. Erg. Weber's Reise 

 Ost-Ind. 1893, m, 278. 



d. Dicruropsis leucops (1) Sbarpe, Mittb. Mus. Dresd. 1878, HE, 361 (Celebes, Siao, Great 



Sangi); (2) Salvad., Atti Ac. Sc. Tor. 1878, XTTT, 1185; (3) id., Oni. Pap. H, 1881, 

 174; (4) Meyer, Isis, Dresden 1884, 6, 31 (Siao); (5) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Oni. 

 1885, 281; 1886, 117; (6) Platen, Gefied. Welt 1887, 205; (7) W. Bias., Ornis 

 1888, 637 (Siao). 



"Burong gunting", Malay name (= Scissor- bii'd), JNIinabassa, Meyer a 7, Guillemard c 2, 

 Nat. Coll. 



"Titikak", Muiabassa, iid. 



"Kesi", Tonkean and Balante, E. Celebes, iid. 



"Tschibang", Tjamba Distr., Platen d 5. 



"Karangsinga", Siao, Tagulandang, and Biarro, Nat. Coll. 



Descriptions. Sbarpe c i; Briiggemann a 5; W. Blasius do. 



Adult. Black: — featbers of crown, sides of neck, tbroat, and breast -nitb broad 

 tips of metalbc steel-blue, greener on the breast; back and scapulars velvety black, 

 the latter sbgbtly metallic; wings and tail metalbc steel-green; forehead, sides 

 of bead, chin, and under surface below the breast velvety black; under 

 wing-coverts metalbc; wings and tail below shining dusky black, the two outer- 

 most tail-feathers lengthened and ciu-ved outwards and upwards towards the ends 

 (N. Celebes, C. 3590). Ii-is white (Wallace a 1, Meyer a 7, Platen d 5, Guille- 

 mard c 2, etc.); feet, claws, and bill black (a 7, d 5, c 2). 



Sexes. Abke in coloration. 



Remark. In some old individuals some fine bare shafts arise fi'om the base of the fore- 

 head, growing backward as far as the nape (C 12193, C 3590). 



Variation. In most specimens from Celebes, the islands off the coast, and Siao, but parti- 

 cularly in the younger incUviduals, the under wing-coverts and axiUaries are more or 

 less tipped with white. These tips are best developed in specimens fi-om Siao which 

 are sometimes (C 12594 and 12595) inseparable from axillaris of Great Sangi. 



Nestling. Very bke the adult, but the under surface glossless sooty black, without metallic 

 tips on the throat and breast; upper siu-face glossed with blue-black on head and 

 mantle hut without metalbc tips. Wings glossed with metallic green and blue as in 

 the aduU: '-iris brown" {cf, Tomolion, 21. IV. 94: Sarasin CoU.). 



Young. Like the aduU, but the iris sepia (P. & F. Sarasin), the lateral tail-feathers much 



