Birds of Celebes: Campophagidae. 411 



Campophaffidae appear to have been long settled in the Indo-Australian area, as 

 shown by the barred plumage of certain species of Graucalus which are found 

 in both quarters. The young of the more highly specialized G. leucopygius re- 

 verts to this barred type of dress. G. bicolor and G. temmincki are well differen- 

 tiated and, therefore, perhaps rather ancient insular forms. In any case these 

 three forms must be regarded as older inhabitants of Celebes than Lalage leuco- 

 pygiaUs. 



GENUS GRAUCALUS Cuv. 



A genus containing most of the larger members of the family, from a 

 Thi'ush to a Jackdaw in size, the colours plain, grey, black, white, in one 

 species blue, the sexes usually (if not always) somewhat different in coloration. 

 The wing is long, 6 — 8 times the length of the tarsus, the 3''* and 4*'' quills 

 the longest; the tarsus anteriorly scutellated; the bill rather large and strong, 

 the culmen about as long as the cranium, the nostril round or round oval, 

 covered by the projecting feathers and scanty bristles of the forehead. 



The genus is found in the Australian. Ethiopian, and Indian Regions. 



i ^, * 154. GRAUCALUS BICOLOR (Temm.). 

 Great Black-and-white Cuckoo-shrike. 

 Plate XX. 



u. Ceblepyris bicolor (I) Temm., PI. Col. 1824, pi. '278 (Sumatra!); (2) Less., Tr. d'Om. 

 1831, 369; (3) S. Miill., Verb. Natuui-k. Comm. 1839—43, 191; (4) Schl., Handl. 

 Dierk. 1857, 289. 



h. Campephaga bicolor (1) Gray, Gen. B. I, 1846, 283, Nr. 25; (2) id., P. Z. S. 1860, 354 

 (Banda!); (3) Finsch, Neu Guinea 1866, 172; (4) Gray, HL. 1869, I, 337; (5) 

 Rosenb., Malay. Ai'chip. 1878, 273. 



Graucalus bicolor (1) Bp., Consp. 1850, I, 354; (2pjli.. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1896, 

 Nr. 2, p. 14. 



c. Artamides bicolor (1) Hartl, J. f. 0. 1865, 171; (2) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1872, VKI, 70; 

 (3) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, VH, 658; (4) Briigg., Abh. Ver. Bremen 

 1876, V, 72; (5) Sharpe, Mitth. Mus. Dresden 1878, EEI, 363; (6) id., Cat. B. 1879, 

 IV, 17; (7) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 130, 146; (S) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1881, H, 166; 

 (9) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 18S3, 137; (10) id., Ztschr. ges. Om. 1886, 116; (11) 

 Vorderman, Nat. Tdscbi-. Ned. Lid. 1889, XLIX, 398; (12) Heine & Rcbw., 

 Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 68; (13) Hartert, Kat. Senckeub. Mus. 1891, 91; (14) id., 

 Nov. Zool. 1897, 162. 



"Maspas werreng intalung", Minabassa, or "Maspas utang", Banka and Mantehage, Nat. Coll. 



"Merapati daka daka", Tonkean, E. Celebes, Nat. Coll. 



Figure and descriptions. Temminck a I; S. Miiller a 5; Hartlaub c 1; Sharpe c 6. 



Adult male. Above glossy black; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and bases 

 of the tail-feathers where they are covered by the upper tail-coverts 

 piu-e wliite; sides of head black, Uke the upper surface; entire under parts 

 wliite; under wing-coverts white, marked with black near the metacarpal edge; 



52* 



