404 Birds of Celebes: Laniidae. 



c. Lanius strigatus (1) Eytoii, P. Z. S. 1S39, 103. 



d. Enneoctonus crassirostris "Kuhl" (1) Bp., Consp. 1S50, I, 362; (2) Cab., Mus. Hein. I, 



1851, 72 (ex "v. Hasselt"). 



e. Otomela crassirostris (1) Bp., Kev. Zool. 1853, 437. 



f. Enneoctonus tigrinus (1) Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. 1854, I, 168; (2) Tacz., 



Fauna Orn. Sib. Orient. 1891, I, 494. 



g. Lanius phoenicurus (1) Schrenck (nee Pall.), Eeise Amurl. 1860, I, 384 — fide "Wald. h 4. 

 h. Lanius crassirostris (1) Pelz., Reise der Novara, Zool. 1865, 84. 



i. Lanius waldeni (I) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1870, 131, pi. XI. 



j. Lanius incertus (1) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1871, 376; (2) id., Ibis 1875, 115. 



I: Otomela magnirostris (1) Schalow. J. f. 0. 1875, 142; (2) Tacz., J. f. O. 1876, 197; (3) 

 Schalow, t. c. 214; (4) Tacz., Bull. S. Z. France 1876, 167; (5) id., ib. 1880, 137; 

 (6) id., J. f. 0. 1881, 182. 



/. Enneoctonus magnirostris (1) Heine & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 1890, 43. 



m. Lanius sp. (1) Salvad., Cat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 159 (Borneo — Mus. Leyd.; evidently 

 the specimen mentioned by Biittikofer 5). 



Figures and descriptions. Walden bill; Swinboe i I; David & Oustalet b 11; Hume 

 & Davison b 12; Gates b 20, 7; Gadow 4; Taczanowski f 2. 



Adult male. Head above, neck and upper mantle grey; a band extending narrowly 

 across forehead at base of bill, lores, siiborbital region, ear-coverts and 

 a narrow mark above eye black; back, wing-coverts, rump and upper tail- 

 coverts and inner quills russet, becoming brighter towards the tail-coverts, and 

 rather closely barred with black, this colour running submarginally along the inner 

 quills; the other quills dusky brown, externally russet; tail brownish hazel, showing 

 nearly obsolete traces of close bars, outer feathers narrowly tipi^ed with white and having 

 a subterminal brown line; below white, the sides and flanks closely marked with 

 wavy bars of blackish (Banka, 2. Jan. 1861, v. d. Bossche: C •10565). Lis dark 

 brown; feet pale blue; bill pale blue, black at the tip (H. O. Forbes b 16). 



The amount of barring on the under surface seems to vary. Hume (b 12) 

 describes an "old adult" fi-om Tenasserim with the entire under parts white, except 

 a few feathers on the posterior flanks which are faintly rufescent 'and barred. 



Pemale. Eesembles the male (Swinboe Z*S, Schalow 1; 1, T).& 0. b 11, Gates b 20), but the 

 perfect plumage is probably assumed more slowly. Bill deep indigo-grey; feet and 

 toes lavender-gi-ey, dingy on soles (Swinhoe b 10). 



Young. Differs fi'om the adult in having the head above russet, the shafts and adjacent 

 portion of webs whitish, giving a striate-speckled appearance, traces of dai'k sub- 

 terminal bars to the feathers; nasal plumes black; no black band on the sides of 

 the head, lores whitish, ear-coverts wliitish with dusky bars (Manado, Celebes, ^f , 

 April 1871, Meyer; C 243). Bill bluish flesh-colour on basal portion, on ajMcal 

 portion deep brown. Legs and toes violet-leaden with yellowisli grey soles and 

 brownish nails (Swinh. b 10). 



Measurements. "Wing 85; tail 80; bill from nostril 12; tarsus 22 mm. 



Eggs (Ussuri-landj. Like those of L. coUurio and L. jiboenicurus (cristatus), and correspond- 

 ingly variable, i. e. the spots on one are grey, on another olive, on another again 

 red, similarly arranged, but smaller. As is the case with the species mentioned, the 

 eggs of the same sitting are similar in colour. Measurements (3 clutches — 13 eggs: 

 21.2—23.3 X 16.5—17.4 mm (Taczanowski k 2). 



Nest. The above nests were fastened among the twigs of low bush-growths, about two feet 

 fi'om the ground; somewhat closely and thicldy built of stiff plant-stalks, one almost 

 exclusively of heath-twigs, covered thickly with dry flowers, giving the nest a very 



