396 Birds of Celebes: Laniidae. 



(Tweedd. b 1). P. hypoxantha (Sharpe) of Mt. Kini Balu, Borneo, is also a near 

 relative of the North Celebesian Thickhead, but has the entire under surface 

 yellow (Sharpe d 1). 



-f * 143. PACHYCEPHALA MERIDIONALIS Biitt. 

 Southern Grey-breasted Thick-head. 



Pachycephala meridionalis (1) Biittik., Notes Leyden Mus. XV, 1893, 168; (2) Hart,, Nov. 

 Zool. 1896, 155; (3) id., ib. 1897, 158. 



Adult. Differs from P. sulfurivente)' of North and Central Celebes by having the yellow on 

 the abdomen much paler (straw-yellow as against canary-yellow) and less extended, 

 not passing on to the lower breast; under tail-coverts canary-yellow; the olive-grey 

 of the breast more extended; size shghtly larger, (^f, Loka, S. Cel., 7. X. 95: 

 Sarasin Coll.) "Lis deep chestnut-brown; feet dark purplish, claws black; beak 

 black (Doherty 3). 



Remark. Mr. Buttikofer speaks of the upper surface as being "reddish brown, with 

 hardly any tinge of the olive which characterizes the northern form" (1), but this 

 difference is not to be seen in the above specimen. Two others, also from Loka, 

 display a duller brown tint above and a whiter tint on. the abdomen, but this effect 

 seems to be due to their having been placed before skinning in spuit — at least 

 a similar effect is produced by spirit on some other birds, for instance, Zosterops. 



Female. A female (imm. ?) is slightly clearer, brighter olivaceous above, most noticeable on 

 the head; supercihary region and ear-coverts washed with rufous, breast pale brown, 

 not oUve-grey (Q, Loka, 21. X. 95: P. & F. S.). 



Measurements (4 specimens). Wing 81 — 86 mm; tail 62—65, tarsus c. 20; bill from nostril 

 9.5—10. 



Distribution. South Celebes: Bonthain Mountains (Everett 2, P. & F. Sarasin, Doherty 5), 

 "Macassar District" (Teijsmann 1). 



Like the northern form this seems to be an inhabitant of the mountains, 

 and it is as yet definitely known only from the Peak of Bonthain and the 

 highlands around it, where, as the Drs. Saras ins write, it "is one of the most 

 plentiful birds; sings like a Blackcap". 



The two type-specimens of this discovery of Teijsmann's are in the 

 Leyden Museum. It is, as Mr. Buttikofer says, a southern representative of 

 P. sulfuriventer. When the intermediate area has been zoologically explored it 

 is likely that connecting links between the two forms will be supplied, which 

 will render it advisable to take a broader view of the species and to treat the 

 northern and southern forms as subspecies of it. 



^ * 144. PACHYCEPHALA TEIJSMANNI Biitt. 



Saleyer Thick-head. 

 Plate XVII. 



Pachycephala teijsmamii (1) Biittik., Notes Leyden Mus. 1893, XV, 167; (2) id., Zool. Erg. 

 Weber's Eeise in Ost-Lid. 1893, DI, 286; (3) Hart., Nov. Zool 1896, 169. 



