Birds of Celebes: Laniidae. 395 



Judging from its rarity in collections we conclude that this species is an 

 inhabitant of the mountains. The exact localities of the specimens obtained 

 by Meyer and those in the Darmstadt and Ley den Museums have not been 

 recorded, but the Drs. Sarasin obtained it in the crater itself of Mount Klabat, 

 and in the neighbourhood of Tomohon c. 2500 — 3000 ft., and our native collec- 

 tors sent it only from the neighbourhood of Lake 'J'ondano, which lies at an 

 altitude of over 2000 feet. Its stomach was found by the Drs. Sarasin to contain 

 insects. 



P. sulfuriventer belongs to the group of Pachycephalae which have been 

 separated as a distinct genus, Hyloterpe Cab. (=M2/w;Yrm Blyth , of the same 

 date, 1 847), a group in which the sexes are alike in coloration. Over a dozen 

 species of this group are now knoAvn, ranging from Bengal throughout the East 

 Indies as far as New Guinea, viz: 



P.grisola (Blyth), [Muscitrea ap. Gates), Burmah and the Andamans to 



Borneo, Java and Lombok; 

 P. brunneicmida (Salvad.), Sumatra; 

 P. whiteheadi Sh. [P. plate ni W. Bias.), Palawan; 

 P. philippinensis Tw., Philippines; 

 P. homeyeri W. Bias., Sooloo; 

 P. hypoxantha Sh., Borneo; 

 P. sulfuriventer Wald., N. Celebes; 

 P. meridionalis Biittik., S. Celebes; 

 P. teijstnanni Biittik., S. Celebes and Saleyer; 

 P. orpheus Jard., Timor, Saleyer, Samao; 

 P. phaenonota (S. Miill.), Moluccas; 

 P.griseiceps Gray, Papuasia; 

 P. jobieiisis Meyer, Jobi ; 

 P. miosvomensis Salvad., Miosnom; 

 to which some others would liave to be added in a complete list of the group. 



Not only are the sexes in the Hyloterpe-^xowp, so far as is known, alike, 

 but, as Lord Tweeddale has pointed out (hi), "they possess this further pecu- 

 liarity, that they wear, in adult plumage, a sombre garb recalling the adolescent 

 and the female plumage of the true black-and-yellow Pachycephalae", a proof, 

 it would seem, that the latter have departed from, while Hyloterpe retains, an 

 ancestral type of dress. (See Loriculus, pp. 160 — 169.) 



Not counting the next species, P. meridionalis Biittik. of S. Celebes, which 

 may ultimately be found to intergrade with the present form from the north 

 of the island, P. sulfuriventer is most nearly allied to P. philippineims Tweedd. 

 of the Philippines — Luzon (Meyer), Dinagat, (Brit. Mus.), Basilan and Siquijor 

 and Samar (Steere), Mindanao (Platen). Above, this species "differs by its 

 plumage being olive-green, and not brown, and underneath by the yellow ex- 

 tending higher, and being much brighter. The bill is likewise more powerful" 



. 50* 



