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458 Birds of Celebes: Nectariniidae. 



181. OYRTOSTOMUS FRENATUS (S. Mtill.). 



Australasian Yellow-breasted Sun-bird. 

 Plate XXVI. 



This species varies geographically, and ornithologists, who wish to avoid 

 the burden of a multiplicity of trinomials, may find the employment of some 

 such formulae as the following useful for indicating the presence of racial 

 differences. 



"^ 1. The typical Cyrtostomus frenatus. 



a. Nectarinia frenata (1) S. Miill. Verb. ^STatmirk. Comm. 1839—44, 173 (New Guinea only); 



(II) M. & S. op. cit. Zool. Aves 1846, 61, t. 8, f. 1 (f ad. (New Guinea); (3) Wall. 

 P. Z. S. 1862, 335, 342 (except Celebes); (4) Finsch, Neu Guinea 1865, 163 

 (exc. Cel.). 



b. Cyrtostomus frenatus (1) Salvadori Orn. Pap. 11 1881, 265 (exc. Celebes); (2) id., Agg. Om. 



Pap. 1890, 111. 



c. Cinnyris frenatus (I) Sbelley, Monogr. Nect. 153, pi. 49 (1877 — exc. Celebes). 



d. Cinnyris jugularis (1) Gadow, Cat. B. 1884 IX, 85 (.southern race). 

 For synonymy of. Salvadori b 1. 



Figures and descriptions. Sbelley c /; Miiller & Scbl. all, Salvad. b 1. 



Diagnosis. Bill longer; size larger; upper surface yellower olive-green. "Wing 58; tad 44;- 



bill 19—21; tarsus 15" (Salvad.j. 

 Distribution. From tbe Sula Islands to New Guinea, the New Britain Group and North 



Australia. (For exact localities see Salvadori b 1.) 



f 2. Cyrtostomus frenatus saleyerensis Hart. 



e. Cinnyris frenata dissentiens (1) Hart, Nov. Zool. 1896, 152 partim, 167. 



f. Cinnyris frenata saleyerensis (1) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1897, 156. 



Diagnosis. Size smaller; upper surface greyish oKve; under parts much paler yellow. 



Distribution. Saleyer Island (Everett 1). 



Remark. Tbis form represents tbe greatest known extreme of differentiation in one di- 

 rection, as tbe typical C. frenatus does in another. Three intermediate races 

 have as yet been discriminated by Prof. W. Blasius and Mr. Hartert. 



Tbe lirst of tliese may be represented as: 



Cyrtostomus frenatus ^ saleyerensis. 



g. Nectarinia frenata (1) S. Miill. Verb. Natum-k. Conun. 1839—44, 173 (Manado tantum); 



(2) Miill. & Scbl. op. cit. Zool. Aves 1846, 61 (Manado tantum); (3j Wall., P. Z. 



S. 1862, 335, 342 (Celebes); (4) Finscb, Neu Guinea 1865, 163 (Cel.); (5) Brugg., 



Abb. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 73 (Celebes). 

 h. Cyrtostomus frenatus (Cab. & Heine) (1) Rcbb., Hb. spec. Orn. Scansoriae 1853, 309 



(Manado); (2) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, VH, 658; (3) id. Om. Pap. H, 



1881, 265 (Celebes tantum); (4) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 137; (5) Meyer, Isis, 



Dresden 1884, 37. 

 /. Cinnyris frenata (1) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 554. 

 j. Arachnechthra frenata (1) Wald., Ibis 1870, 26 (Celebes); (2) id., Tr. Z. S. 1872, YJJI, 



71 (Celebes); (3) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 131, pt., 146. 



