Birds of Celebes: Turdidae. 513 



/: Monticola cyanus solitarius (1) Seeb., Ibis 1883, J2I; (2) id., Ibis 1884, 263; (3) id., 

 Ibis 1890, 98; (4) id., Iljis 1892, 89; (4'''') M. & Wg., Abli. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, 

 p. 13; (5) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1894, 469. 



g. Monticola cyanus pt. (1) Gates, B. Brit. Burniah, 1883, I, 11; (2j Seeb., B. Japan. Emp. 

 1890, 53; (3) id.. Ibis 1893, 48. 



h. Petrophila solitaria (1) Gates, Faun. Br. Ind. B. 11, 1890, 145. 



"Ainaourida taigej", Talaut, Nat. Coll. 



"Burong dona" (rf ad.) or "Maspas lolaro" ($ or young), Manado tua, Nat. Coll. 



"Maspas batu", Minahassa, near Likupang, iid. 



For further synonymy see Salvadori a 8, Seebobm a 9. 



Figure and descriptions. David & Oustalet a V; Seebobm a 9; W. Blasius a 12; Hume 

 c 1; Gates g 1, h 1. 



Diagnosis. Abdomen (of adult male) cbestnut. 



Adult [male]. Upper surface with throat and breast greyish Clmaa-l)lue, a few obscure 

 pale terminal edgings on back, scapulai'S and breast; tail and quills black, bordered 

 with bluish except towards the ends of the feathers; abdomen, sides, under wing- 

 coverts and under tail-coverts hght chestnut, almost hazel, some of the feathers 

 with buff terminal margins; flanks bluish; (luills and tail below dusky (Manado 

 tua, 13. IV. 94: Nat. Coll. — 12140). Ii-is Inwra; liill and feet black (Platen a 15). 

 Count Salvadori (a 8) has described the above dress as immature ijlumage, 

 and that of M. cyanus as the adult. Prof. Blasius (n 12, a 15) reasons at some 

 length that the following, however, is the plumage of the young male and the female, 

 and we agree with laim, Seebohm, Gates, and others in holding tliis to be the case. 



Adult female. Above hair-brown, washed with blue, most strongly on the mantle, back and 

 wing- and tail-coverts, the feathers of these parts with dark shaft-streaks and barred 

 with subterminal markings of black, the tip more fawn-colour, hardly perceptible on 

 head and neck; quills and greater wing-coverts dusky, with brownish white tips 

 and edgings; tail blackish brown with paler edgings and tip; under surface pale 

 fawn, whitest on throat, more cinnamon on under wing- and tail-coverts, barred all 

 over with subtenninal U-shaped markings of blackish brown — on the tlu-oat one 

 bar, sometmies with an unperfect inner one, on the breast one bar witliin another, 

 on the flanks two or three bars ($ Luzon: Schadenberg — 8816; [$] Great 

 Sangi: Meyer — C 3648). Iris brown; bill and feet dark brown (Platen a 15). 



Young male fSarasin Coll., Nr. 107, from Kema). Like the female. 



Immature [male]. Bluer above than the female, under-parts blue down to the breast, bright 

 chestnut from abdomen downwards, except on flanks, barred almost all over with 

 dusky, with the tips whitish, and sometimes the part of the feather before the bar 

 whitish or blue fTalaut: Nat. Coll. — C 13124). 



Measurements. Wing 116— 125 mm; tail 75—85; tarsus 30c; bill from nostril 15—17. 



Eggs. "Uniform blue, having at the large end a perceptible circlet of fine reddish brown 

 spots (after examples from Cliina). Measurements: 24—25 X 18—18.5 mm" (Nehr- 

 korn MS.). 



Distribution. Askold Id., Mancluma (Jankowski d 1); Corea (Kalinowski « W"-'); Japan 

 (Whitely, etc. g 2, a S); Loo-choo Is. (Eodgers, Pryer g 2); Bonin Is. (Hoist/" 5, 

 g 2); China (Swinh. a 8, Styan a i3 etc.); [Formosa (Swinh. a 8)]; Hainan (Swinh. 

 a 8, Sty an a 24); [Nepal, Sikhim, Dacca, Andamans, Burmah and Tenassei-un 

 fGates hi)]; Siam (Schomburgk a 8); Cochin China (Pierre a 9); Malay Penin- 

 sula (Maingay a 8); Java (Gray a 8); Natuna Is. (Everett f 5); Borneo (Everett, 

 Ussher a 17); Philippines (Steere, etc. a 22, a 28); Talaut (Nat. Coll. a 25); Great 



Moyer * Wigleswnrth Birds of Celebes (Nov. l:itl', IS!)"). 1)5 



