Birds of Celebes: Motacillidae. 535 



c. Motacilla melanope pt. (Ij Dresser, B. Eur. Ill, 251, pi. 128 (1875); (2) Sliarpe, Cat. B. 



X, 1885, 497; (3) Meyer & Helm, Verz. Vog. Sachsens 1892, 100. 



For further synonymy cf. Sharpe c 2 [references to Europe and W. Asia onlyl. 



Figures. Dresser c /; Gould a IT, Naumann b II, etc. 



Diagnosis. Tail longer, 89 — 104 mm (Seebohm ^2 — extremes of forty specimens). 



Distribution. Europe to about 54° N. (E.Russia to about 59° and British Isles, rare as far 

 as S. Sweden), N. and N. E. Africa, "West Asia. In what part of Asia intermediate 

 forms between this and the next subspecies predominate does not seem to be known. 



2. Motacilla boarula melanope (Pall.). 



d. Motacilla melanope (1) Pall., Reis. Russ. Reichs 1776, HI, App. 696; (2) Legge, 



B. Ceylon 1879, 610; (3j Wardl. Rams., Tweedd. Orn. Works 1881, App. 658; 



(4) Sharpe, Cat. B., X, 1885, 497 pt.; (5) Styan, Ibis 1887, 223; (6) Biittik., 

 Notes Leyd. Mus. 1887, 70; (7) Bligh, Ibis 1888, 316; (s) Everett, J. Str. Br. 

 R. A. S. 1S89, 103; (9) Sharpe, Bm 1889, 430; 1890, 280; (10) Gates, ed. Hume's 

 Nests and Eggs 1890, H, 207; (11) id., Fauna Br. Ind., B. H, 1890, 293; (12) 

 Steere, List B. & M. Philipp. Is. 1890, 21; (13) Sharpe, Ibis 1891, 106; (14) 

 Styan, t. c. 321, 343; (15) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1891, 68; (16) De La 

 Touche, Ibis 1892, 419; (17) Styan, Ibis 1893, 428; (IS) Oust, N. Arch, du Mus. 



1894, 5; (1.9) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exped. 1894, 37; (20) Everett, Ibis 



1895, 23, 34; (21) Vorderm., K T. Ned. Ind. 1895, LIV, 345; (22) Grant, Ibis 

 1895, 258; (23) id.. Ibis 1896, 469; (24) Biittik., Notes Leyden Mus. 1896, 

 XVin, 183. 



e. Calobates melanope (1) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1871, 364; (2) David & Oust., Ois. Chine 1877, 



302; (3) Salvad., Orn. Pap. H, 1881, 431; (4) Gates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, I, 



159; (5) Salvad., Agg. 0. P. 1890, 138; (6) Tacz., Faune Orn. Sib. Orient. 1891, 375. 

 /: Calobates bistrigata fRaffl.) (1) Salvad., Cat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 259. 

 g. Motacilla sulphurea 'or sulfurea) (1) Briigg. , Abb. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 66; (2) 



W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 120, 156; (3) Seek, Brit. B. II, 1884, 203 pt.; (4) id.. 



Ibis 1887, 176. 

 h. Budytes novae guineae (1) Meyer, Isis, Dresden 1875, 74. 

 i. Motacilla boarula melanope (1) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1889, 354; (2) Seeb., B. Japan. 1890, 



114; (3) Hartert, Kat. Vog. Slg. Senckenb. Mus! 1891, 44; (4) id., J. f.O. 1891, 203; 



(5) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresden 1895, Nr. S, p. 14; (6) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 1, p. 6; 

 (7) Hart, Nov. Zool. 1886, 153. 



j. Motacilla boarula (1) Seeb., Ibis 1892, 92; (2) Campb., t c. 239; (3) Seeb., Ibis 1893, 49. 



"Kendukendu tana'", Manado tua, Nat. Coll. 



For further synonymy and references cf. Salvad. e 3, e5; Sharpe d 4 [references to Eastern 

 Asia]; Taczanowski e 6. 



Descriptions. Legge d2, Oates e 4, d 10; Salvadori e 3; Taczanowski e 5. 



Diagnosis. Tail shorter, 79 — 95 mm (Seebohm i 2 — from 50 specimens). 



Adult (spring plumagej. Above slate-grey, greener on the back; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts yellow-green; wings black, the inner quills with broad pale edges, the 

 coverts edged and tij^ped with the colour of the back; tail black, edged -nith yellow- 

 green, the three outer pairs of feathers white, most of the outer web black, except 

 on the outermost pair; superciliary and malar stripe whitish; chin and throat 

 black, sprinkled with whitish; remaining under-p arts canary yellow; under wing- 

 coverts and basal part of inner quills below white. Wing 83 mm; tail 91; 

 tarsus 20; bill from nostril 9.5 (Manado tua. 15. IV. 93: Nat Coll. — C 12142). 



