540 Birds of Celebes: Motacillidae. 



it. Its chief winter quarters seem to be Borneo, Celebes and the Philijjpines. 

 Mr. Whitehead (18) observed that it arrived in Palawan in company with 

 Motacilla flava about Sejitember 20"', and he notes from North Borneo (17) that 

 it prefers the forest to open places and frequents the ground. In Celebes itself 

 the bird has as yet been found in the Northern Peninsula only, like a great 

 many other species which cross from the north-west. It has not yet been 

 recorded, as far as we know, from any of the Indian countries, Siam, Malacca, 

 Sumatra or Java, except that there is a specimen in the British Museum which 

 "may have been obtained in Burmah or Malacca", but, as Dr. Sharpe (12) 

 believes, more probably came from the N. W. Himalayas. In its remarkably 

 broad northward range from Kamtschatka across all Siberia to European Russia 

 and in its restricted winter quarters in the East India Islands Anthus gustuvi 

 corresponds, as Mr. Seebohm (S) and Count Salvadori (b 5) have remarked, 

 to Phylloscopus borealis, and it remains for the future to show whether the indi- 

 viduals which nest in Europe wander eastward across Siberia in autumn and 

 then turn south and cross the China Sea to the East Indies, or whether they 

 visit other localities. 



^223. ANTHUS CERVINUS (Pall.). 

 Red-throated Pipit. 



a. Motacilla cervina (1) Pall., Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. 1811, I, 511. 



Anthus cervinus (I) Naum., Vog. Deiitschl. Ill, pi. 85, f. 1 (1823); (2) Sharpe, Cat. B. 

 1885, X, 585; (3) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 103; (4) Gates, Faun. Br. 

 Ind. B. n, 1890, 310; (5) Seek, B. Japan 1890, 117; (6) Steere, List Coll. B. & 

 M. Philipp. 1890, 21; (7) Tacz., Faun. Orn. Sib. Orient. 1893, I, 402; (8) Everett, 

 Ibis 1895, 34; (9) M. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1896, Nr. 1, p. 6. 



For further synonymy and references cf. Sharpe 5; Taczanowski 7. 



Figures and descriptions. Naumann /; Gould, B. Asia IV, pi. 66 (1869); Dresser, B. 

 • Europe m, pi. 136; Sharpe 2, Gates 4, Taczanowski 7, etc., etc. 



Adult male. Above broccoH-bro'wn, with blackish middles to the feathers, the riunp more 

 cinnamon, the tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts paler and rather broad; 

 loral region, face, throat, and chest vinaceous-rufous, more cinnamon on the 

 ear-coverts; remaining under jsarts salmon-buff, streaked on the sides of the 

 breast, sides, and flanks with dusky, remiges below dusky greyish, paler where they 

 rest upon the body; tail below dusky, the outermost feather white, except on the 

 inner and basal i3ortion of the inner web, the outer web impme white, a small spot 

 of white on tip of next rectrix {(^, Summit of Mount Soputan, N. Cel., 29. IV. 95: 

 P. & F. Sarasin). Wing 85 mm; tail c. 65; tarsus 22; bill fi-om nostril 8.5. 



"Bill horn -brown, with the mandible pale flesh-colour to near the extremity; 

 feet yellowish flesh-colour, nails whitish; iris deep brown" (Taczanowski 7). 



Female. In winter plumage does not have the rufous thi'oat (summer dress) seen in some 

 males in winter as well as in summer; "the throat is yellowish white hke the abdo- 

 men, the breast and sides of the body very thickly and broadly spotted and streaked 

 ■with black as in the summer plumage" (Sharpe 2). 



For nidification cf. Dresser, etc., 1. c. 



