Birds of Celebes: Sturnidae. 555 



to India, C. chalyhea (Horsf.), as the type, whereas the Philippine form received 

 its name from Scopoli 37 years earlier. In this article seven races are treated 

 of. After very carefully comparing a series of adults from the Philippines and 

 the Northern Peninsula of Celebes, we find ourselves unable to make out any 

 difi"erences between the birds from the latter locality, hitherto known as C. neglecta, 

 Wald., and the typical panayensis of the Philippines; these birds we therefore 

 unite. On the other hand it is clear from* Sharpe's investigations that racial 

 differences are prominent in birds from N. W. India [C.affinis A. Hay); yet Dr. 

 Sharpe does not consider it advisable, or indeed possible, to distinguish this 

 deviation by name from C. p. chalybea of Java. Borneo, Sumatra and Malacca, 

 because "Tenasserim specimens are thoroughly intermediate, and it is impossible 

 to find where the range of either form ends in the Burmese provinces". 



In a more striking manner the Sangi race , hitherto known as C. sangireiisis 

 Salvad., intergrades with birds from the mainland of Celebes, the intermediate 

 forms being furnished by the islands off the Minahassa and those midway between 

 Celebes and Sangi. 



We therefore find it more convenient to treat of this wide-spread form in 

 the following way: 



1. The typical Calornis panayensis. 



a. Le petit Merle ou Musician de I'isle de Panay (I) Sonn., Voy. N. Giiin. 1776, 115, pi. 73. 



b. Muscicapa panayensis (1) Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. 1783, n, 96; (2) Wald., 



Tr. Z. S. Vm, 1872, 79. 



c. Turdus cantor (1) Gm., S. N. 1788, 1, 837; (11) Kittl, Kupfert.Vog. 1832, H, 11, pi. 5, fig.i. 



d. Calornis panayensis (1) Gray, HL. n, 1870, 26, Nr. 6373; (2) "Wald., Ibis 1872, 97; 



(3j id., Tr. Z. S. IX, 1875, 205, 251; (4) Sharpe, Ibis 1876, 46; (5) Tweedd., 

 P. Z. S. 1877, 549, 763, 831; (6) id., ib. 1878, 113, 343, 710; (7) id., ib. 1879, 72; 

 (8) Sharpe, Tr. L. S. 1879, (2)1, 343, 353; (9) Wardl. Rams., Tweedd. Orn. Works 

 1881, 658; (10) A. Miill, J. f. O. 1882, 288; (11) Sharpe, Ibis 1884, 321; (12) 

 Wardl. Rams., Ibis 1886, 162; (13) Sharpe, Ibis 1888, 202; (14) W. Bias., Ornis 

 1888, 315; (15) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 144; (16) Steere, List Coll. 

 B. &M. Philipp. Is. 1890, 23; (17) Whitehd., Ibis 1890, 56; (18) Sharpe, Cat. B. 

 Xm, 1890, 149; (19) Hartert, J. f. 0. 1891, 203; (20) Sharpe, Ibis 1894, 250, 

 257; (21) Bourns &Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 37; (22) Everett, Ibis 1895, 

 27, 36; 1^25; Grant, t. c. 260, 456; (24) M. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, 

 p. 14. 



e. Calornis neglecta (1) Wald., Tr. Z. S. VHI, 1872, 79, 113 (uec Sula); (2) Meyer, J. f. 



O. 1873, 405; (3) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, VH, 668; (4) Walden, 

 Tr. Z. S. 1875, IX, 205; (5) Briigg., Abh. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 78; (6) Sharpe, 

 Ibis 1870, 46, partim (nee Sula); (7) Lenz, J. f. 0. 1877, 376; (8) Meyer, Ibis 

 1879, 134, 145; (9) id., Isis, Dresden 1884, 48; (10) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 556; 

 (11) W. Bias., Zt. ges. Orn. 1886, 124; (XII) Meyer, Vogelskel. 1886, I, pi. XCIV; 

 (13) Hickson, Nat. in N. Celebes 1889, 92, pt.; (14) Sharpe, Cat. B.XIH, 1890,148. 



f. Calornis metallicus (1) Rosenb. (nee Temm.), Malay. Archip. 1878, 273. 

 "Sie" (Meyer e 8) or "Sije itam", Malay, Celebes (Nat. Coll.). 

 "Tanggo-lippo", Celebes, Rosenb. f 1. 



70* 



