Birds of Celebes: Sturnidae. 557 



4. Caloruis panayensis tytleri (Hume). 



m. Calornis tytleri (1) Hume, Str. F. I, 1873, 480; (2) id., ib. 11, 1874, 253; (3) Sliarpe, 

 Cat. B. Xm, 1890, 146, subsp. 



For further references cf. Sharpe m 3. 



Descriptions. Hume m 1, Sliarpe w 5. 



Diagnosis. Size large (wing 106 — 120 mm), plumage darker and more sombre, with a dark 

 metallic gi-een gloss (Hume ?» 1). Irides in adults "white, opalescent wliite, fleshy 

 white, pale pink, brown, deep brown, deep red-brown and deep orange", — in adults 

 of the other forms the eyes are commonly said to he crimson. 



Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Davison etc. m 1, m 2, m 3]. 



-^ 5. Calornis panayensis sangirensis (Salvad.). 



ti. Calornis sanghirensis (1) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. IX, 1876, 60; (2) Meyer, Isis, 

 Dresden 1884, 6, 48; (3) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 606, 642; (4) Hickson, Nat. in 

 K Celebes 1889, 191; (5) Sharpe, Oat. B. XHT, 1890, 149; (6) M. & Wg., J. f. 

 O. 1894, 247; (7) iid., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 9, p. 6. 



o. Calornis neglecta pt. (1) Hickson, Nat. in N. Celebes 1889, 92. 



"Singgalore maitung" ad., Great Sangi and Siao, Nat. Coll. 



"Singgalore mawira" juv.. Great Sangi, Nat. Coll. 



"Singgalore bungiung" juv., Siao, Nat. Coll. 



"Sanggeloka", Talaut Is., Nat. Coll. 



Diagnosis. Like C. panayensis of North Celebes, but much larger, and with a relatively larger 

 bill (Great Sangi, Nat. Coll. — C 12685, etc.). Bill and feet black, iris blood-red 

 (Platen n 3). 



Measurements (18 adult examples from Gt. Sangi, Siao, and Talautj. Wing 113 — 124 mm; 

 bill fi'om nostril 15 — 18.5. 



Sexual differences of coloration are not known to exist. Dr. Platen's hunters indicated five 

 specimens in the above plumage as males, and five in the striped plumage of the 

 young as females, but in allied forms the sexes are known to be similar and such no 

 doubt is the case in this bu'd also. 



Eggs. Some broken fragments in a nest obtained by our collectors show that the eggs of 

 this species resemble those of the typical C. panayensis and C. metaUica, viz: ground- 

 colour bluish white, with scanty spots of hlac and blackish brown. 



Nest. Long oval, or, better, fusiform; about 350 X 150 mm, a cup-shaped hole in the widest 

 part, about 70 mm across by 60 deep. A rather loose structure of bits of stick, 

 stalks and tendrils of climbing -plants (Great Sangi or Siao: Nat. Coll. — C 1253S 

 and others). 



Distribution. Sangi and Talaut: — Siao (Meyer n 2, Nat. Coll.), Great Sangi (Bruijn u 1, 

 Meyer n 2, Platen n 3, Nat. Coll.), Karkellang, Kabruang and Salibabu (Nat. Coll. 

 n 6, n 7), Nanusa — if identical (Hickson o 1). 



Calornis panayensis — sangirensis. 



Diagnosis. Intermediate between the Celebes-Phihppine birds and those of Sangi-Talaut. 

 Measurements. (9 adult examples). Wing 112 — 121 mm; bill fi'om nostril 15—16.5. See also 



measm-ements below. 

 Distribution. Tagulandang, Euang, and BiaiTO, between North Celebes and Sangi (Nat. Coll.). 

 Observation. Large specimens fi-om the islands off the north coast of Celebes, Manado tua 



and Lemlieh, afford further gradations to the ordinary C. panayensis. 



