568 



Birds of Celebes: Sturnidae. 



Adult. 



1876, V, 79, tm, f. 11, 12; (7) Lenz, J. f. 0. 1877, 376; (8) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 

 146; (IXj id., Abb. Vogelsk. I, 1882, 19, pi. XXIV; (10) W. Bias., J. f. O. 1883, 

 138; (11) Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, 556; (12) id., Cruise "Marchesa" 1886, 11, 

 168; (13) W. Bias., Ztschi-. ges. Om. 1886, 126; (14) Tristr., Cat. Coll. B. 1889, 

 255; (15) SLarpe, Cat. B. XHI, 1890, 193; (16) Heine & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. 

 Hein. 1890, 108; (17) Hartert, Kat. Vg. Senckenb. Mus. 1891, 76; (18) M. & Wg., 

 Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 14; (19) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 2, p. 18; (20) Hart., 

 Nov. Zool. 1896, 154; (21) id., ib. 1897, 162. 



"Sije mulut kuning", Banka Id., Nat. Coll. 

 "Siek", Manado, Guillem. 11. 

 "Moloneti", Eosenb. c 9. 

 "SaUngoka", E. Celebes, Nat. Coll. 

 "Sin" or "Sing", Peling and Banggai, iid. 



Figures and descriptions. Lafresnaye c II, c 1; Meyer IX (skeleton); Schlegel c 6; 

 Briiggemann VI; Sliarpe 15. 



Slaty mouse-grey; wings and tail black, the wing-coverts edged with the coloui" 

 of the back; feathers of rump, upper tail-coverts and a few on the flanks 

 blackish, ^vitli long stiff tips of poppy-red varying to carmine; eyelid, lores and 

 feathers against base of bill blackish, about half a dozen short decurved bristles 

 sprouting at the lores; under wing-coverts slaty; quills below where they rest 

 upon the body dusky smoke-grey; under tail-coverts slaty black (ad. Banka, 

 17. V. 93: Nat. CoU. — C 12178; Q ad. Tomohon, 5. HI. 94: P.&E. Sarasin). 

 "L-is reddish; bill bright orange; tarsus orange" (Guillem. 11). 



Browner than the adult, — viz. dark smoke-gi-ey above and below; the feathers of 

 rump and flanks tipped with pale yellowish and pale scarlet, the tips less waxy than 

 in the adult; bill much more slender and less thickened below the nostrils; wing 

 97 mm, bill from nostril 11.5 (Manado: Meyer — C 2724). 



Measurements. Wing (20 adults — N. Celebes) 94 — 101 nmi; tail 78 — 86 ca.; tarsus 21 ca. ; 

 bill from nostril 14 ca. 



Variation. A specimen, Q ad., from Bonthain, S. Celebes (C 7080) differs from 26 examples 

 from the Minahassa in having the side-walls of the nostril more bloated and angular, 

 and the red tips on the rump and upper tail -coverts longer and more extensive. 

 It appears therefi-om that the southern bu'ds are rather different from the northern. 

 Wing 98 mm; tail 81; tarsus 21, bill from nostril 14.5. Specimens fi'om Peling, 

 Banggai and E. Celebes are Uke those of the North. 



Skeleton (Meyer IX]. 



Length of cranium . . . 38.0 nun 

 Greatest breadth of cranium 17.2 » 



Young. 



Length of humerus 

 Length of ulna . . 

 Length of racUus 

 Length of manus . 

 Length of femur . 



22.0 

 28.5 

 24.5 

 28.0 

 22.0 



Length of tibia . 



Length of tarso-metatarsus . 

 Length of sterniun. . . . 



36.6 mm 



20.2 » 



27.2 » 



Greatest breadth of sternum 17.6 » 



Height of crista sterni . . 9.3 » 



Length of pelvis . . . 29.5 » 



Greatest breadth of pelvis . 21.0 » 



Distribution. North Celebes — Minahassa (Lelancher c 1, Wallace c 7, etc.); Banka and 

 Lembeh (Nat. Coll.); Togian (Meyer S); West Celebes (Doherty 21); East Celebes, 

 Pehng and Banggai (Nat. Coll.); South Celebes — Macassar (Wallace c 7, 15), Bont- 

 hain (Ribbe & Klihnj, Indrulaman (Everett 20). 



