570 Birds of Celebes: Stumidae. 



GENUS STURNIA Less. 



A migratory member of this Sturnine genus occurs in Celebes. The bill 

 is shorter than the cranium , not stout , a membrane above the nostril. Wing 

 long, 2°* primary the longest, secondaries about % the wing-length, tail short, 

 square or rounded; tarsus rather large, much longer than the culmen, about 

 equal to middle toe and claw. 



Range: India and Eastern Siberia to the Moluccas. 



4^ 238. STURNIA VIOLAOEA (Bodd.). 



Red-cheeked Starling. 



n. Le Grand Traquet des Philippines (Ij Briss., Orn. 1760, m, 446, pi. 22, fig. 3; (II) 

 Daubeut, PL Enl. m, pi. 185, fig. 2. 



b. Motacilla violacea (I) Bodd., Tabl. PL Enl. 1783, 11. 



c. Pastor ruficoUis (1) WagL, Syst. Av., 1827, Pastor sp. 19. 



d. Lamprotornis pyrrhogenys fl) Temm. & ScliL, Faun. Jap., Aves 1S50, 86, pi. XL VI. 



e. Heterornis pyrrhogenys (1) Bp., Consp. 1850, I, 418; (2) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1863, 302. 



f. Temenuchus pyrrhogenys (1) Gray, HL. 11, 1870, 21, Nr. 6301; (2) Tristr., Cat. Coll. 



B. 18S9, 252. 



g. Sturnia pyrrhogenys (1) Wald., Tr. Z. S. VHI, 1872, 78; (2) Swinh., Ibis 1874, 151, 



159; (3) Briigg., Abh. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 77; (4) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 134; (5j 

 Seeb., B. Japan. Emp. 1890, 108. 



h. Sturnia dominicana (1) Salvad. (nee Bodd.), Cat. Ucc. Borneo 1874, 269. 



Sturnia violacea (1) Wald., Tr. Z. S. IX, 1875, 203; (2) Sharpe, Tr. L. S. 1879, (2) I, 

 308, 343; (3) Salvad., Orn. Pap. n, 1881, 445; (4) Wardl. Rams., Tweedd. Orn. 

 Works 1881, 658; (5) W. Bias., J. f. O. 1883, 115; (6) id., Zt. ges. Orn. 1886, 

 120; (7) WardL Rams., Biis 1886, 162; (8) W. Bias., Omis 1888, 315; (9) id., 

 Ibis 1888, 374; (10) Everett, P. Z. S 1889, 224; (11) id., J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 

 143; (12) Sharpe, Ibis 1889, 431; (13) Whitehd. , Ibis 1890, 56; (14) Sharpe, 

 Ibis 1890, 280; (15) id., Cat. B. XIH, 1890, 70; (16) Salvad., Agg. Oni. Pap. 1891, 

 237; (17) Burns & Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 37. 



For further synonymy and references compare Sharpe 15; Salvador! 5. 



Figures and description, Daubenton o H\ Temminck & Schlegel d I; Salvadori 3; 

 W. Blasius 6; Sharpe 15. 



Adult [male]. General colour above black, glossed with dark purple, the primary coverts, 

 greater wing-coverts, inner quills and tips and outer edges of the others, and tail 

 glossed with bronze-green; middle wing-coverts, edge of wing, most of the 

 outer edge of the first three primaries, and of the outermost tail-feather 

 and basal part of the outer edge of the first three secondaries white; head, 

 rump and upper tail-coverts drab-grey, the latter parts mixed with the piu-ple 

 black of the back; ear-coverts and some feathers on sides of neck chestnut; 

 sides of head, chin, throat, jugulum, middle of breast, abdomen, under 

 wing-coverts and quills below where they rest upon the body white, tinged 

 with fulvous on the head, throat, abdomen and under tail-coverts; chest, sides of 

 breast and of body dark grey (Gorontalo, Celebes: Riedel — Nr. 2217). 



"Iris, upper mandible and feet, black; lower mandible blue-grey" (Whitehead 72). 



