Birds of Celebes: Corvidae. 583 



Rosenberg describes it as bold beyond description and dangerous to poultry. 



It differs from C. macrorhynchus by its smaller size and broader, flatter culmen; 

 this in C. macrorhynchiis is high and compressed. 



Corvus fallax Briiggem., Abh. Ver. Bremen V, 1876^ 76. Described after 

 an example from Rosenberg in Briiggemann's paper on birds from Celebes 

 and Sangi. No locality is mentioned; Celebes is almost certainly wrong. Sharpe 

 makes it a synonym of C. enca\ it appears to us from the description to be 

 C. orru. 



Corvus modestus Briiggem. 1. c. p. 77. Described from an example from 

 Rosenberg, without mentioning locality. Sharpe (Cat. B. 1877, III, 45) identifies 

 it with C. violaceus of Ceram. It may be safely regarded as not belonging to 

 Celebes. 



Corvus aunecteus Briiggem. 1. c. p. 75. Briiggemann described this species 

 after 1 specimen "from Celebes from Rosenberg". W. Blasius (J. f. O. 1883, 

 158, 162) examined the type and came to the conclusion that it was Corvus 

 macrorhynchiis. This species has never been heard of in Celebes before or since, 

 and we believe that the locality is wrong. C. macrorhynchus varies in the same 

 way as C. enca; three races of it have been distinguished with the following 

 distribution: the typical C. macrorhynchus Wagl. — Malacca to Timor and S. Borneo; 

 C. macrorhynchus levaillanti (Less.) — India to Burmah and the Andamans, Loochoo 

 Islands; C. macrorhynchus japonensis (Bp.) — Japan, Bonin, Corea, China, East 

 Siberia. Some of the principal references to the species are: Temm. & Schl. 

 Faun. Jap. Aves 1850, 79, pi. 39; Schl. Bijdr. Dierk. : Notice genre Corvus, 7, 9, 

 pi. I, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6; id. Mus. P.-B. Coraces 1867, 15, 19; Sharpe, Cat. B. Ill 

 1877,38—42; Hume, Str. F. V, 1877, 461; Legge, B.Ceylon 1880,346; Gates, 

 B. Brit. Burmah 1883, I, 397; id. ed. Hume's Nests and Eggs Ind. B. 1889, I, 4; 

 id., Faun.Brit. Ind. B. 1889, I, 17; Gigl. & Salvad , P. Z. S. 1887, 583; Seeb., B. 

 Japan. Emp. 1890, 94; Tacz., Faune ()rn. Sib. Orient. I, 1891, 530; Oust, Noiiv. 

 Arch, du Mus. 1 894, 53. 



Dr. Shufeldt has recently described a fossil Corvus annectens (J. Ac. Philad. 

 1 892, IX, 389), a name which, of course, cannot stand. 



GENUS GAZZOLA Bp. 



This Celebesian form seems to differ from Corvus only in having the pri- 

 maries shorter, the secondaries being % the length of the longest, and the first 

 primary is 20 mm shorter than the secondaries. 



