Birds of Celebes: Oriolidae. 591 



Diagnosis. Average size larger (4 adults: wing 174 mm, tail 138, tarsus 29.9, liill from nostril 

 26.6); yellow frontlet lai'ger, i. e. extending more to the sides above tlie fore part of 

 the lores, the black lores consequently more broadly separated by yellow from the nostril. 



Distribution. Siao (Meyer a 1 and in Dresd. Mus., Nat. Coll. in Dresd. and Tring Mus.). 



"1^ 2. Oriolus formosus sangirensis n. subsp. _J^ 



c. Oriolus acrorhynchus partim (Ij Schl., Mus. P.-B., Coraces, 1867, 105 (Sangi). 



d. Oriolus formosus (1) Briigg., Abh. Ver. Bremen V, 1876, 61; (2) v. Koch, Verz. Vogel- 



balg. Cel. u. Saughir 1876, 2; (3) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. IX, 1876, 60; (4) 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. m, 1877, 205; (5) Fischer, Abh. Ver. Bremen V, 1878, 538; 

 (6) Salvad., Atti Ac. Torino XEI, 1878, 1187; (7) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 132; 

 (8) Meyer, Isis, Dresden 1884, 6, pt.; (9) Tristr., Cat. B. 1889, 181; (10) M. & Wg., 

 J. f. O. 1894, 248, pt. 



e. Broderipus formosus (I) Eowley, Orn. Misc. II, 1877, 227, pt., pi. LVI; (2) Meyer, 1. c. 



remarks, pt; (3) W. Bias., Ornis 1888, 607. 

 "Tariawo", Great Sangi, Nat. Coll. 

 Figures. Rowley e /. 

 Diagnosis. Average size smaller (4 adults: wing 167 mm, tail 129.3, tarsus 29, bill from nostril 



26); the yellow frontlet smaller; supraloral part of forehead black, reaching almost 



to the nostril, the yellow of the forehead intervening narrowly (C 2197, Tabukan, 



Gt. Sangi, and 3 others]. 

 Distribution. Great Sangi (Rosenberg c 7, Meyer e 2, Fischer d 1, d 5, Bruijn rf 5, d 6, 



Platen e 5, Nat. Colh). 



Oriolus formosus — sangirensis. 



Observations. The islands of Tagulandang, Ruang and Biarro, lying between the Minahassa 

 and Siao, are inhabited by 0. formosus, but we find it impossible to point to distinct 

 racial differences, though the Biarro bird may be somewhat small. The yellow frontal 

 patch of adult males resembles that of the Great Sangi race in shape, but generally 

 runs larger; in one specimen (C 13476) from Tagulandang it is, however, more re- 

 duced than in any example from Great Sangi. The twelve examples recently received 

 from our native collectors show that individual variation is considerable, and settled 

 local characters do not seem to have come into existence at the present date. 



The species. 



Adult. Forehead bright yellow; rest of head above, sides of head, and in front of 

 and below the eyes black; upper-parts, including wing-coverts, dark greenish 

 yellow, becoming bright yellow on hind neck next the lilack of head, and on rump 

 and upper tail-coverts; wings, with primary-coverts and bastard wing, black, 

 the inner quills washed with the colour of the back, the outer ones gi-eyish externally; 

 centre tail-feathers black, washed with the colour of the back (in this specimen 

 only on the basal half), tip yellow; remaining tail-feathers yellow, black at the 

 base, the black increasing from less than '/j the feather on the outermost to Vo on 

 the fifth pail-; entire under-parts, including under wing- and tail-coverts, 

 deep gamboge -yellow, Avith a few black hair- streaks on the malar region, chin and 

 throat; quills Ijelow dusky drab, paler where they rest upon the body (Siao, 



