Birds of Celebes: Treronidae. gQ3 



the inner part of the inner webs; quills black, the piimaries narrowly edged with 



white, the exposed parts of secondaries green, the outer secondaries narrowly edged 



with yellow; under wing-coverts and quills below slate-grey, the former greenish; 



tail above green, the outer feathers blackish, with the terminal 3 cm greenish grey. 



"Iris sepia; bill green; feet cherry-red, soles brown-yellow" (q', Mt. Klabat, 6000 ft. 



cii-ca, 23. Sept. 1893: P. & F. Sarasin). 

 Female. Similar to the male (Salvad. 4). 

 Young. The grey of the head and of the nape tinged with green, no black band on the nape; 



the crimson patch on the sides of the head scarcely apparent; edges of the secondaries 



pale yellowish (Salvad. 4, Brunswick Mus.). 



Bill from 

 Measurements. 



Wiug 



Tail 



Tarsus 



a. (Sarasin Coll. Nr. 47) (f ad., Mt. Klabat .... 176 150 ! 34 



b. (Sarasin Coll. Nr. 224) (f ad., Tomohon, 8. IV. 94 . 180 



c. (Nehrk. Coll. Nr. 904) c? ad., Rurukan, 14. IV. 85. 183 160 



Distribution. North Celebes: — the Minahassa (Fischer a I), Riuaikan (Platen), Mt. Klabat 

 and Tomohon (P. & F. Sarasin); Mantinang Mts. (iid. c 1). 



This rare species is as yet known only from the Northern Peninsula of 

 Celebes. Dr. Brliggemann's type was obtained somewhere near Manado, and 

 the author suggested that the bird might be a straggler from the interior of the 

 island, a view which we were at first inclined to accept. But a whole series 

 was obtained, as Mr. Nehrkorn informs us, by Dr. Platen near Rurukan in 

 the mountains of the Minahassa, and it was found again in September, 1893, by 

 the Drs. P. &F. Sarasin near the summit of Mount Klabat (circa 6000 ft.), again 

 in the mountains of the Minahassa near Tomohon and again at about 3300 ft. 

 on the Mantinang Mts. near Buol; it appears, therefore, to be a mountain- 

 haunting bird, and its scarcity in collections is probably due to collecting diffi- 

 culties. It is easily distinguishable from P. meridionaUs of South Celebes by its 

 bright grass- green back and wings. It has no other very near allies, Ptilopus 

 occipitalis (Gray) of the Philippines being perhaps most like it, though this species 

 is easily distinguishable by the crimson on its hind head and lower breast and 

 its ochraceous jugulum and chest. 



In many species of the genus Ptilopus, but by no means in all (of. Elliot, 

 P. Z. S. 1878, 508), the first primary is abruptly attenuated for the terminal 

 15 — 25 mm ca., much as is seen in so many species of the Bucerotidae, in some 

 of the Paradiseidae^ as well as in many other Pigeons. In the case of the 

 Hornbills this peculiarity led us to make some inquiries into the flight of these 

 birds, with the result that we found that a much attenuated first primary was 

 accompanied by especially poor fljdng-powers and stationary habits. No such 

 inference can be made from the Ptilopodes, which undoubtedly fly well and swiftly. 

 But in the Pigeons, as in the Hornbills, it is seen that the attenuated tip lies 

 on the under surface of the wing, where it must be submitted to friction and 

 fretting with each stroke of the elastic quills above it. To this cause (attrition) 

 which we have already cited as the correct explanation for the shape of many 



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