6 1 8 Birds of Celebes : Treronidae. 



above nostrils to base red, iris deep red; eyelids red" — Wallace 3 {(f, Kema, 

 26. X. 93: P. & F. Sarasin). Wing 231 nam; tail 140, tarsus 31; culmen from 

 cranial suture 31. 



Female. Just like the male (g, Tjamba Distr. 4. VI. 78: Platen — C 13230). 



Young? Two examples moulting show many blue-tipped feathers (old feathers!) among the 

 uniform golden-green ones (new feathers) of the upper surface; either the young shows 

 strong blue reflections, or the feathers lose much of their golden-green hue and be- 

 come blue through wear (Manado tua, April, 93: Nat. Coll. — C 12128; Mantehage, 

 April 1893: Nat. Coll. — C 12125). 



Measurements. 13 examples from the Northern Peninsula and the islands off the coast have 

 wing 218 — 231 mm; Pehng and Banggai (5) wing 226 — 244 mm; Southern Peninsula 

 (2 examples) wing 234—239'); East Celebes (4) wing 220—245. 



Variation. The Southern birds differ as follows from the Northern: size shghtly larger, 

 back a little more burnished brassy, tail above generally greener. 



]\Ir. Hartert (19) speaks of a specimen or specimens from Macassar as being 

 "exactly like specimens from North Celebes". In the Minahassa and the islands 

 off the coast the tint of the upper surface varies from reddish coppery to coppery 

 green. A few specimens have patches of myrtle-green above, best seen in two or 

 three examples from the islands of Manado tua and Mantehage; these are probably 

 younger bii'ds, the perfectly uniform ones older. 



East Celebes. None of the examples sent to the Dresden Museum fi'om here 

 showed myrtle-green patches above, all being uniform, and reddish or greenish coppery 

 as in the Northern bu-ds. 



Peling and Banggai. The specimens fi-om these islands are also uniform 

 and show the same tints as the East Celebes birds. Like the latter they are some- 

 what large in size. 



Egg. "The only egg obtained by Platen is from Eurukan in the Minahassa; it measures 

 43 X 38 mm and is very glossy white" (Nehrkorn MS.). 



Distribution. Celebes and Sula: — Tahssi (Guillemard 10, Hickson 12), Lembeh, Banka, 

 Manado tua and Mantehage (Nat. Coll.); Minahassa (Forsten 6, Wallace 3, etc.); 

 Gorontalo Distr. (v. Bosenb. 6, E-iedel U); West Celebes (Doherty 19); Central 

 Celebes, Lake Posso (P. & F. Sarasin 17), East Celebes (Nat. Coll. Dresd. and 

 Tring Mus.); Pehng and Banggai (ib.); Macassar (Wallace 5, 13); Tjamba Distr. 

 (Platen 11); Sula Mangoh (Bernstein and Hoedt 5); "Sula Islands" (Allen 2,13). 



Meyer speaks of Carpophaga paulina as very common everywhere in 

 Celebes, living in flocks, generally on waringin trees. It feeds on fruits. Dr. 

 Guillemard states that the under mandible in Pigeons of this genus is capable 

 of enormous extension ; they can swallow fruits nearly as large as a small orange. 

 Mr. Wallace and Prof. Schlegel identify the Sulan birds with those of Celebes. 

 and Count Salvadori does not mention any differences. The Sulan race is 

 said by Schlegel (4) to be considerably smaller with the bright orange-cinna- 

 mon of the nape not carried so far down on the hind neck, and the bronze- 

 green of the upper parts inclining more strongly to coppery red. Schlegel 

 identified a specimen from Luzon with it, as Hartert seems to have done later 



') These two specimens were measured by Prof. W. Blasius, who records their wings as only 224 and 

 22S mm, respectively; but he seems to have measured under the wing with a sti-aight rule, whereas we always 

 measure over it. 



