Birds of Celebes: Columbidae. 633 



tail-coverts are also spotted with black. The insular M. bicolor has probably 

 established itself in recent times in the Northern Peninsula of Celebes, while 

 M. luctiiosa may be regarded as the original race of Celebes, and possibly as 

 the most ancestral form of the group. But the young of Pigeons at once assume 

 the adult dress, displaying no phylogenetic stages, so that we know of no proof 

 for such an assumption as this last. 



FAMILY COLUMBIDAE. 



This family, which is typified by the Rock Dove, is distinguishable from 

 the Treronidae (except Phabotreron and Hemiphaga) by the tail being composed 

 of 12 rectrices, and the soles of the feet are less broad (see; Salvadori, Cat. 

 B. XXI 1893, 3). Salvadori recognises three subfamilies of Columbidae, viz. 

 Columbinae, Macropygiinae, and Ectopistinae; the first, in which Turacoena should, 

 apparently, be included, having the tail shorter than the wing or equal to it, 

 the two latter with the tail longer than the wing, but the Indo-Australian 

 Macropygiinae with the feathers broad, and the Ectojiistinae, consisting solely of 

 the Passenger Pigeon of America, with the rectrices narrow and pointed (see 

 Salvadori, p. 240). 



GENUS COLUMBA L. 



Tail shorter than the wing, square or slightly rounded; tarsus naked for 

 more than the lower half; wing rather long, second primary (usually) longest, 

 secondaries about V2 to V3 its length; nostril covered at the base with a mem- 

 branous protuberance. The genus is cosmopolitan. 



-^ 274. COLUMBA ALBIGULARIS (Bp.). 

 White-throated Pigeon. 



a. Janthoenas albigularis (1) Bp., Compt. Rend. XXXIX, 1105 (11. Dec. 1854), (descr. null., 



ex Temm. in Leyd. Mus.); (2) id., ib. XL, 1855, 218, Nr. 125; (3) id.. Coup d'oeil 

 Ordre Pig. 1855, 21, 56, Nr. 125; (IV) Rchb., Tauben 1862, 118, 183, Novitiae 

 t. VI, fig. 66, 67; (5) Salvad., Orn. Pap. m, 1882, 120; (VI) Sharpe in Gld. 

 B. New Guinea V, pi. 67 (1888): (7) Salvad., Agg. Orn. Pap. 1891, 184. 



b. Janthoenas halmaheira (1) Bp., Consp. 11, 1854, 44. 



c. Carpophaga albogularis (1) Gray, List Columbae Brit. Mus. 1856, 24. 



d. Carpophaga albogularis (1) Schl, N. T. D. m, 1866, 206. 



Columba albigularis (1) Salvad., Oat. B. XXI, 1893, 313; (2) M. & Wg., Abh. Mus. Dresd. 



1896, Nr. 2, p. 20. 

 "Awung", Tagulandang and Ruang, Nat. Ooll. 

 "Tatamba", Banggai, iid. 



Figures and descriptions. Sliarpe a VI; Reichenbach a IV; Salvadori a 5, 1. 

 For full synonymy cf. Salvadori 1. 



Meyer & Wi j?l eswo rtli , liirds of Celebes iNov. 22ncl, 1897). 80 



