Birds of Celebes: Columbidae. 535 



Peale of Samoa, C. (friseignloris (Wall. & Lay.) of the Philippines and North 

 Borneo (cf. Salvad. 1) and C. metallica Temm. of Timor, Sumbawa, and Lombok. 

 They belong to Reichenbach's genus Janthoenas, but Count Salvador! 

 considers it impossible at present to define the various subgenera of the genus 

 Columba, in which he includes 58 species. 



The present species bears nuich resemblance to Turacoena manadensis (Q. G.) 

 a resemblance which we believe to betoken real affinity, though the latter has a 

 graduated tail, black bill and feet, etc. 



GENUS TURACOENA Bp. 



Differs from Cohimha in having the tail graduated and about as long as 

 the wing, instead of markedly shorter and square or slightly rounded. Perio- 

 cular region naked. Tarsus bare, except on the upper anterior portion. One 

 species in the Celebesian area, and one in Timor. ' 



-t * 275. TURACOENA MANADENSIS (Q. G.). 



White-headed Pigeon. 



a. Columba manadensis (I) Quoy & Gaim, Voy. Astrol. 1830, Zool. I, 248, ^\. 30; (II) Prev. 



&Kuip, Pig. n, 1838—43, pi. 46; (3) Schl., Handl. Dierk. 1857, 406. 



b. Macropygia manadensis (1) Gray, Gen. B. 11, 471, Nr. 8 (184-1); (II) Rchb., Oolumbariae 



1S47, f. 1403, 1404; (3) Schl., Mus. P.-B., Coliunbae, 1873, 106; (4) Rosenb., 

 Malay. Arcliip. 1878, 275. 

 Turacoena manadensis (1) Bp., Consp. 11, 1854, 58; (2) id., Compt. Rend. XXXIX, 1854, 

 1112; (3) Wall., P)is 1865, 390; (4) Wardl. Rams., Pns 1890, 243; (5) M. & Wg., 

 Abh. Mus. Dresd. 1895, Nr. 8, p. 15; (6) iid., ib. 1896, Nr. 1, p. 14; (7) iid., ib. 

 1 896, Nr. 2, p. 20; (8) Hart, Nov. Zool. 1896, 164; (9) id., ib. 1897, 165. 



c. Turacoena menadensis (1) Wall., P. Z. S, 1862, 345; (2) id., Malay Ar-chip. 1869, I, 431; 



(3) Wald., Tr. Z. S. VHI, 1872, 85; (4) Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. VH, 1875, 



673; (5) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 137, 146; (6) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1883, 139; (7) Guillem., 



P. Z. S. 1885, 558; (8) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Orn. 1885, 308; (9) Salvad., Cat. 



B. XXI, 1893, 333. 

 (/. Macropygia menadensis (1) Finscb, Neu-Guinea 1866, 178; (2) Briiggem., Abh. Ver. 



Bremen 1876, V, 87; (3) Biittik., Zool. Erg. Weber's Reise Ost-Ind. IH, 1893, 281. 

 ■•Pombo itam kapala puti" (White-headed Black Dove), Malay, Minahassa, N. Celebes, Meyer e 5. 

 "Kapala puti" (Wliite-head), Malay, Minahassa, Guillem. c 7, Nat. Coll. 

 "Trawuwu" (Meyer) or "Tarwoowoo" (Nat. Coll.), Minahassa. 

 "Padibubu", [Gorontalo] v. Rosenb. b 4. 

 "Putih Pili"', T Jamba Distr., Platen c 8. 

 "Salilungun"', Pehng, Nat. Coll. 



For further synonymy and references cf. Salvadori c 9. 

 Figures and descriptions. Quoy & Gaimard a /; Knip a 11; Reichenbach b II; 



Bonaparte 1; Schlegel b 3; Wardl. Ramsay 4; Salvadori c 9. 

 Adult. Browiish slaty-black, the terminal margins of the feathers of back, upper tail-coverts 



and lesser wing-coverts with violet reflections in certain lights; occiput, nape, 



80* 



